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N O T E S T O P A G E S 1 1 0 – 1 1 6 236 mally governed by overtly or tacitly accepted rules and of a ritual or symbolic nature, which seek to inculcate certain values and norms [in this case integration through accommodation] of behavior by repetition, which automatically implies continuity with the past.” See Eric Hobsbawm , “Introduction: Inventing Traditions,” in The Invention of Tradition , 9th ed., ed. Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, p. 1. 73. Gutiérrez, Walls and Mirrors, pp. 184–185; Juan Gómez Qui- ñones, Chicano Politics, pp. 101–104, 119–121; Ignacio García, United We Win, pp. 10–11; Griswold del Castillo and De León, North to Aztlán, p. 19; Henry Ramos, The American G.I. Forum: In Pursuit of the Dream, 1948–1983, pp. 141–142. 74. Gómez Quiñones, Chicano Politics, pp. 60–62, 95–96; Arnoldo Vento, Mestizo: The History, Culture, and Politics of the Mexican and the Chicano, pp. 196–197. 75. Benjamin Márquez, LULAC: The Evolution of a Mexican American Political Organization, p. 50. 76. Ramos, The American G.I. Forum, pp. 141–142; Griswold del Castillo and De León, North to Aztlán, p. 156. 77. Ramos, The American G.I. Forum, p. 144. 78. Pycior, LBJ and Mexican Americans, pp. 116–122, 148; Gómez Quiñones, Chicano Politics, pp. 66, 89–92; Griswold del Castillo and De León, North to Aztlán, pp. 115–116. 79. Turner, Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors, pp. 56, 169. 80. Hobsbawm, “Inventing Traditions,” pp. 1–2. 4. MOBILIZATION OF NUECES BASIN MEXICAN AND ANGLO TOWNS 1. R. Anthony Quiroz, “Claiming Citizenship: Class and Consensus in a Twentieth Century Mexican American Community” (dissertation, University of Iowa [Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertation Services], 1999), pp. 138–139, and especially p. 450. 2. David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness, pp. 6–13. 3. Quiroz, “Claiming Citizenship,” p. 34. 4. R. A. Cortez, “And LULAC Was Born,” LULAC News 15 (5): 2, in LULAC Records, folder 1, NLBLAC. 5. Land developer Charles R. Tipps founded Three Rivers in 1913 at the confluence of the Nueces, Frio, and Atascosa Rivers, and the San Antonio , Uvalde, and Gulf Railroad lines. Tipps and his land company advertised to attract new in-state and out-of-state settlers to the site. All the surnames of the first settlers he cites in recalling the foundation of the town were Anglo. See a copy of Tipps Land Company advertising pamphlet (n.d., eight unnumbered pages); Three Rivers, Texas: Golden Age of Progress Celebration, pp. 10, 13, both in the HPGP, TAMUCC. 6. Paul Wright, “Residential Segregation in Two Early West Texas Towns,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 102 (3): 319. 7. Arnoldo De León, Mexican Americans in Texas, p. 53. N O T E S T O P A G E S 1 1 6 – 1 2 2 237 8. Ibid., pp. 53–54; see also Carole Christian, “Joining the American Mainstream: Texas Mexican Americans during World War I,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 92 (4): 565–566. 9. Mario T. García, Mexican Americans, p. 2; Anthony Smith, Ethnic Revival, p. 108. 10. Richard García, The Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class, San Antonio, 1929–1941, pp. 254–258. 11. Mario García, Mexican Americans, p. 2. 12. Richard García, Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class, pp. 296–297, 305. 13. Ricardo Romo, East Los Angeles: History of a Barrio, pp. 167–168. 14. Benjamin Márquez, LULAC: The Evolution of a Mexican American Political Organization, p. 15. 15. Christian, “Joining the American Mainstream,” p. 559. 16. Ibid., pp. 566–567. 17. Quoted in Neil Foley, The White Scourge, pp. 133–134. 18. Evan Anders, “José Tomás Canales,” in The New Handbook of Texas, ed. Ron Tyler et al., 1: 953. 19. Ibid. 20. Evan Anders, Boss Rule in South Texas, pp. 228–229; David Montejano , Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, pp. 117–118. I should note that Montejano does not accept this interpretation of the revolt . He argues it was an outgrowth of the ongoing competition between Anglos and Mexican Americans for control of South Texas’ economic resources —land and labor. 21. Friedrich Katz, The Secret War in Mexico, pp. 348–366. 22. Paul Taylor, An American-Mexican Frontier: Nueces County, Texas, p. 245. 23. Patrick Carroll, Blacks in Colonial Veracruz: Race, Ethnicity, and Regional Development, pp. 81–82, 204n.5; Thomas...

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