La Revolución: Mexico's Great Revolution as Memory, Myth, and History

Chronology of Events, 1928-1968

Chronology of Events, 1928–1968 1928 In September, in his last León Toral, Obregón’s assasinforme to the nation, Presi- sin, makes a print showing dent Calles calls for an end to revolutionary Mexico mournpersonalist leadership. ing the Caudillo of the Revolution. 1929 The Partido Nacional Revolu- On the twentieth of Novemcionario (PNR) is founded by ber, Revolution Day, the first Calles, and Pascual Ortiz annual sports parade is held in Rubio is nominated to be its Mexico City. On the same presidential candidate in the occasion, Obregón’s name is election to complete the six- inscribed on the wall of the year term of Obregón. national congress. 1929 Ortiz Rubio wins the national Between 1929 and 1935, election against the candidate Diego Rivera paints murals in of the Anti-reelectionist Party, the National Palace that preJos é Vasconcelos. The Presi- sent a panoramic history of dent is shot and wounded by a Mexico on three walls. would-be assassin on his inauguration day. 1928– In the Maximato, Calles, as In 1930, Yucatecan socialist 1934 Jefe Máximo de la Revolución, Felipe Carrillo Puerto exercises more political influ- becomes the third hero of ence than the elected presi- la Revolución to have his name dents Pascual Ortiz Rubio inscribed on the wall of Con- (1929–32) and Abelardo gress. One year later the Rodríguez (1932–34). names of Carranza and Zapata are added. 79 r 1934– Lázaro Cárdenas is elected In 1935 the monument to 1940 president in 1934 and within Obregón is officially inaugutwo years puts an end to the rated in San Angel. Maximato. 1936 Former President Calles is The first monument to forced into exile in the United Carranza, designed by Dr. Atl, States. is erected on the site of his assassination. 1938 The regional rebellion of Gen- The Monument to the Revoeral Saturnino Cedillo in San lution is completed but not Luis Potosí is crushed. The officially inaugurated. PNR is restructured and renamed the Partido de la Revolución Mexicana (PRM). 1940– The administration of Presi- In 1942, Carranza’s remains 1946 dent Manuel Avila Camacho are deposited in a crypt within the Monument to the Revolution . Hora Nacional (Hour of the nation), a Sunday night patriotic radio program, begins broadcasting. 1946 The PRM is restructured and The remains of Ricardo Flores renamed the Partido Revolu- Magón are reinterred in the cionario Institucional (PRI). national pantheon of heroes in Mexico City. 1947 For the first time in history, a President Harry S Truman, president of the United States on the centennial of the visits Mexico City. American occupation of the city, pays homage to the monument to the Child Heroes, who lost their lives in the war. 80 la revolución 1946– The administration of Presi- In 1949 the PRI sponsors a 1952 dent Miguel Alemán Valdés competition for the best history of the revolution. 1950– The new University City, the In 1950, Octavio Paz publishes 1951 modern campus of the national The Labyrinth of Solitude, the university (UNAM), is inaugu- most important book on Mexrated , the most prominent last- ico of the century. ing achievement of the Alemán administration. 1952– The administration of Presi- In 1953 the government estab1958 dent Adolfo Ruiz Cortines lishes the Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de la Revolución Mexicana (INEHRM) 1957 A wave of labor agitation and An earthquake in Mexico City strikes begin. topples the Monument to Independence. 1958– The administration of Presi- In 1958, Carlos Fuentes pub1964 dent Adolfo López Mateos lishes his novel Where the Air is Clear. 1959 With the Cuban Revolution, Fuentes’s second novel, 1960’s Dictator Fulgencio Batista The Death of Artemio Cruz, goes into exile and the rebel depicts the corruption of the forces of Fidel Castro take Revolution. control of the island. 1959 Federal troops repress a In 1959 the National Comrailroad strike and imprison mission for Free Textbooks, 10,000 strikers. Two union led by Martín Luis Guzmán, leaders are imprisoned for is created and authorizes ten years. national primary textbooks. Chronology of Events, 1928–1968 81 1960 President Oswaldo Dorticós In 1960 the nation celebrates of Cuba makes an official visit the fiftieth anniversary of the to Mexico and President López beginning of the Mexican Mateos favorably compares revolution. the Mexican and Cuban...