The Colonial Spanish-American City: Urban Life in the Age of Atlantic Capitalism

Index

Index G Accesoria (room or nook in building used as store), 40 Administration of colonial cities: and agency, 120–121; economy and municipal councils, 39–41; free colored towns, 45–47; Indian towns, 41–45; municipal councils, 33–41; and oligarchy, 109; slave village of El Cobre, Cuba, 47–48 Alamedas (avenues or parks), 60, 126 Alberti, Leon Battista, 23 Alcalde mayor, 45 Alcaldes (magistrates), 33–37, 42, 46, 47, 122 Alcaldes de barrios, 34, 128 Alcaldes provincial, 34, 38 Aldana, Joaquín de, 65–67 Aldermen (regidores), 33–42, 46, 47 Alférez real (royal standard bearer), 34, 38 Alfonso X, King, 6 Alguacil mayor (chief constable), 34, 36, 38 Alhóndiga (public granary), 40 Amancebamiento (concubinage), 110 Amichel, Mexico, 12 Anna, Timothy E., 141n.1 Apprentices, 80–83, 91, 92, 112, 115. See also Artisans Aranceles (price lists), 40, 73 Arangoiti, Bernardino de, 68 Architecture: Baroque architecture, 50; Churrigueresque style, 50; of colonial period, 50–53, 63; mudéjar influences on, 51; Rococo architecture, 50; Roman architecture , 23, 24, 130, 137–140; in Spain, 23, 50, 55 Arriaga, Don José de, 76 Artisans: and artisan stores, 67, 71– 72, 79; children of, 80; and class interest, 103–104; free people of color as, 91–95; guilds of, 40, 79, 81, 90, 91, 92–94, 104, 113, 122; in hierarchy of businesses, 67; income of, 98; Indians as, 91, 95; and journeymen and apprentices, 80–83, 91, 92, 112, 115; list of, 80; marriage of, 112, 115, 117; prestige of, 81, 117; regulation of, by municipal council, 79, 80, 92, 104; as slave owners, 81, 131, 151n.30; women as, 79, 80–81, 113 Audiencia (regional supreme court), 36, 50, 87, 95, 102, 121, 122, 123 Ayuntamiento (municipal council), 33. See also Municipal councils Aztecs, 14–20, 26–27, 61, 132 173 the colonial spanish-american city Bakers and bakeries, 40, 65, 80, 81, 117, 131 Baquero, Francisco, 94–95 Barbers, 61, 80, 117 Barrios, 34, 43–44, 128 Bassoco, Antonio de, 68–69 Basurto, José, 66 Begging and beggars, 80, 100–101 Bejarano, Lorenzo, 90–91 Bendix, Reinhard, 150 Bergamo, Ilarione da, 59 Bernini, Gianlorenzo, 50 Blacks. See Free people of color; Slavery Blank, Stephanie, 148n.19 Bodegas and bodegueros, 71 Bolívar, Simón, 54, 57, 63 Bolivia, 31, 92 Borda, José de la, 56 Bourbon Reforms, 99–101, 106, 127–129 Bourgeoisie, 7–8, 84 Bucareli, Viceroy, 127 Buenos Aires: artisans and journeymen in, 79, 83, 92–95, 104, 117; dance in, 127; epidemics in, 62; free people of color in, 92– 95; and freedom of trade decree (1778), 83; grocery stores and grocers in, 72, 78, 104–106, 117, 118; independence movement in, 132; jurisdiction of, 33; lawyers in, 121; map of, 93, 128; marriage in, 116– 118; merchants in, 116–118; poor site location of, 9; population of, 30; racism in, 92–95, 105; second founding of, 27; and trade, 31, 32; as typical colonial city, 49; as walled city, 27 Bullfights, 123, 124, 125 Bullock, William, 53, 56–57 Businesses: artisan stores, 67, 71– 72, 79–81; categories of stores, 71; and credit, 72–73, 76; and free people of color, 89–90; grocery stores, 65, 67, 73–78, 89, 98, 104–106, 115, 117, 118, 126; hierarchy of, 67–73; import-export merchants, 8, 64, 67–71, 116– 118; licensing of, by municipal council, 40, 71; location of filthproducing businesses, 25; in Mexico City, 65–66; operators of marketplace stalls, 67; plaza vendors, 78–79, 87; retail operators , 67, 70, 71–78; and shortage of specie, 76–77; shortage of specie and stores, 76–77; stores as term, xiii; U.S. business leaders, 150n.17; wholesalers, 67, 70, 71, 72 Butchers and butcher stores, 58, 87 Cabecera (‘‘head’’ Indian town), 42 Cabildos (municipal councils), 33– 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 50, 77, 121, 122. See also Municipal councils Cacao, 68, 75 Caciques (usually hereditary Indian leaders), 42, 43, 44 Cajero mayor (store manager), 66 Cajeros (clerks), 66 Calvo, Thomas, 118 Camudio, Benito de, 34 Canastillas (stores), 71, 77 Capitalism. See Commercial capitalism Caracas: building lots in, 26; earthquakes in, 54, 63; elite families in, 116; free people of color in, 89–91; housing in, 54, 57, 116; independence movement in, 132; map of, 117; merchant tribunal in, 71; merchants in, 67, 70–71; plaza in, 77; racism in, 90–91; stores in, 71–74, 77, 89; and trade, 68 Carnicerías (butcher stores), 58, 87 Carpenters, 80, 91, 117 Carriages...