Shamans of the Foye Tree: Gender, Power, and Healing among Chilean Mapuche

Glossary

Glossary añchümalleñ—wife of witranalwe spirit admapu—traditional religious or social norms amulpüllün—a special funerary ritual awingkamiento—any action, practice, or belief associated with becoming like a wingka awün—an event in which mounted Mapuche warriors, carrying flags and lances and shouting war cries, gallop counterclockwise around an altar boquibuye—celibate “weye of the foye tree”; also called foyeweye bruja(o)—witch champurrea—mestizo, mestiza cherrufe—fireballs chiripa—breeches chon-chon—evil bird or flying kalku’s head choyke—Patagonian ostrich chueca—sticks used in games associated with masculinity and warfare coligüe—bamboo; also called koliu contra—counterhex cuel—mounds under which machi and longko are publicly buried datun—healing ritual dungumachife—ritual interpreter epeu—Mapuche creation myth filew—generic ancestral spirit of all machi, literally, “the knowledgeable one” foki—vines foye tree—winter’s bark, Drimys winteri; symbol of office for both male and female machi and the place where the machi’s spirit resides foyeweye—see boquibuye fuñapue—a substance composed of nails; hair; pieces of lizards, frogs, or worms; earth from the cemetery; poisonous herbs; or parts of the decomposing cadavers of animals huaso—criollo landowner illeluwün—the act of poisoning with food 276 Shamans of the Foye Tree infitun—the act of contaminating kalkutun—witchcraft or illness caused by kalku kalku—witch kastikutran—punishment illness killa—woman’s shawl klon—maqui, or Aristotelia chilensis koliu—see coligüe konpapüllü—an ecstatic state experienced by machi at the end of datun healing rituals kopiwe—Chilean bellflower, Lapageria rosa kultrun—painted shallow drum kurewen—the coupling of machi bride and spirit husband kutran—illness küymi—an altered state of consciousness llang-llang—an arch made from vines in the form of a rainbow longko—a community chief machi—Mapuche shamans machikutran—a shamanic or spiritual illness machil—a person called to machi-hood machiluwün— machi-pewma—machi dreams machi püllü—the specific spirit that guides a machi’s actions machi purun—an initiation or renewal ritual machi weye—a male shaman makuñ—poncho mapu—the earth maricón—a passive, anal-receptive, feminized man Meli Küyen—the four moon spirits meli-ko-lawen—marsh marigold, Caltha sagittata Meli Wangülen—the four spirits of the stars metawe—a ceramic vessel used in rituals metrumtun—calling of the spirits meulen—whirlwinds munche mapu—underworld, where the wekufe spirits are believed to reside naturista—natural healing practitioner nervios—nerves ngen—spirit owners of various ecosystems ngenpin—orators ngeykurewen—a renewal ritual ngillatucar—to pray, sing, speak in ritual language ngillatuwe—collective rewe; also called la cruz (the cross) ngillatun—collective rituals to bind ritual congregations together nünkün—emotion nulawen—plant used for sweet-smelling flowers and love magic powers perimontun—shamanic visions pewma—dreams pillamtun—rogation to the spirits Glossary 277 piuke—heart piwichen—winged serpent püllomeñ—green fly püllü—living soul or spirit püllüam—first male warrior spirits punon-namun—scrapings from a victim’s footsteps or a place where she has sat puto—male invert rakiduam—thought rewe—a step-notched pole with branches tied to its side, which serves as an axis mundi, or tree of life; also “the purest” sahumerio—smoke exorcism trabajo—witchcraft job trawa—body triwe—laurel ulutun—diagnostic ritual waki—spears wedakutran—negative spiritual illnesses wekufe—evil spirit wekufetun—witchcraft or illness caused by wekufe wenukutran—spiritual illness wenu mapu—upper skies wenu püllüam—ancestral spirits that live in the sky Wünyelfe—morning star wingka—non-Mapuche Chilean witranalwe—mounted conquistador spirit yerbatera—herbalist zuam—consciousness THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ...