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Ahdut ha-Avodah: United Labor Party. A socialist-Zionist political party founded in 1919; the largest party within the Labor movement in the 1920s. Aliyah: literally, “ascent” in Hebrew; metaphorically, in the Zionist lexicon, immigrating to the land of Israel. Betar: Youth movement attached to the Revisionist party. Galut: Diaspora. Also golah. Gedud ha-Avodah: The Labor Battalion, founded in 1920. It engaged in collective labor activities across Palestine in both rural and urban areas. Halutz, Halutzim: Pioneer, pioneers. The Zionist term for the immigrants to Palestine who became workers. Hapoel Hatzair: Young Worker. Formed in Palestine in 1905, this Zionist workers’ party rejected Marxist notions of class struggle and believed in the value of small collective communities working the land. Hashomer Hatzair: Originally a youth movement—later a political party—aiming to create a just and egalitarian society in the land of Israel. Haskala: The Jewish Enlightenment, stressing the value of a secular as well as a modern Jewish education. He-Halutz: A Diaspora movement established to prepare young Jews for agricultural labor in Palestine. Histadrut: The General Federation of Jewish Workers in the Land of Israel, comprising unions and a variety of entities devoted to creating job opportunities, training workers, and forging a new Hebrew culture in the Jewish homeland. Jewish Agency: An international body established by the World Zionist Organization in 1929 and charged with the development of the Jewish national home in Palestine . Jewish National Fund: Founded by the World Zionist Organization to purchase land in Palestine as the inalienable property of the Jewish people. Kaddish: A prayer, mostly in Aramaic, recited at the conclusion of parts of one of the three daily Jewish public services and at the end of the service by close relatives of someone who has died. It is commonly known as a prayer for mourners. Glo<

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