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166 46. Richardson (1992), 302 and 424. 47. Festus (1913), 9 and 304. 48. Varro Ling. 6.14; Dion. Hal. 2.70.1. 49. Livy 2.42.9–2.42.11. 50. Val. Max. 8.1.5; Richlin (1997), 357. chapter five * The discussion on the Bacchanalian Affair of 186 BCE was originally published in HSCP 100 (2000 [2001]). Again, changes have been made to keep with the tone and focus of this book and [. . .] will indicate where I omitted a section of the original article. See also Beard, North, and Price (1998), vol. 1, 91–96 and vol. 2, 290–291. Discussions like those of Bruhl (1953) Gruen (1990), 34–78; Pailler (1988), and Pailler (1995) might be of older date, but they are still of great importance for any discussion of the topic and relevant bibliographical material. 1. Linderski (1996). 2. CIL I2 581. 3. Burkert (1987), 52. 4. Livy 39.8–39.19. 5. Gruen (1990), 76. 6. Gruen (1990), 77. 7. CIE 5430. 8. Heurgon (1957). 9. A son: laris pulenas, a father: larces clan, a paternal uncle: larYal ratacs, a grandfather : velqurus nefts, and a great-grandfather: prumpts pules larisal creices. 10. Heurgon (1957), 113. Livy 39.8.3: “A Greek of low birth who first came to Etruria (Graecus ignobilis in Etruriam primum venit).” 11. Heurgon (1957), 121. 12. Frank (1927), esp. 130. This argument’s persuasiveness in establishing a convincing link between Greece and Rome has vanished. 13. Heurgon (1957), 117. 14. Wolf (1952); PIR2 6 (Berlin, 1998), nos. 537–539. 15. Scheid (1992), 398. 16. Burkert (1990), 52. 17. Scheid (1992), 393. 18. Beard, North, and Price (1998), vol. 1, 95 and n. 84. 19. Linderski (1993), 53–64, esp. 54. 20. Klebs (1896), esp. 2105. 21. Münzer (1899). 22. This sketch of Clodius’ career is based on Tatum (1999). 23. For more detail on Mithridates and his engagement with the Romans, see McGing (1986). notes to pages 88–98 167 24. Cic. Att. 1.12.3: “P. Clodium Appi filium credo te audisse cum veste muliebri deprehensum domi C. Caesaris cum sacrificium pro populo fieret, eumque per manus servulae servatum et eductum; rem esse insigni infamia, quod te moleste ferre certo scio.” 25. For an introduction to Roman political institutions, see Lintott (1999). 26. See also the discussion for the month of May in Chapter 2. 27. Ov. Fast. 5.149–5.158: est moles nativa, loco res nomina fecit: appellant Saxum; pars bona montis ea est. huic Remus institerat frustra, quo tempore fratri prima Palatinae signa dedistis aves; templa patres illic oculos exosa viriles leniter adclivi constituere iugo. dedicat haec veteris Crassorum nominis heres, virgineo nullum corpore passa virum: Livia restituit, ne non imitata maritum esset et ex omni parte secuta virum. See also Festus (1913), 464. 28. Macrob. Sat. 1.12.25–1.12.26. 29. Brouwer (1989). 30. Bona Dea the rural and little happy one, the latter maybe in connection with Felix’s name. 31. Felix publicus | Asinianus pontific(um) | Bonae Deae agresti Felic(ulae?) | votum solvit iunicem alba(m) | libens animo ob luminibus | restitutis derelictus a medicis post | menses decem bineficio dominaes medicinis sanatus per | eam restituta omnia ministerio Canniae Fortunatae. The inscription cannot be dated, but it is thought to belong in the latter part of the second century CE. 32. Bonae Deae | Hygiae. Unfortunately, there is no way of knowing where in Rome this statuette stood in antiquity and to which period it may belong. 33. Bon(ae) Deae | Luciferae | Antistia Veteris lib(erta) Eur (. . .) | d(onum) d(edit). 34. Cic. Nat. D. 2.68. 35. A pillar thus reads: Dedicated to Diana, Silvanus, Bona Dea (Sacrum | Dianae | Silvano | Bonadiae, NS 1912, 313 ⫽ BullCom 1916, 204 ⫽ AE 1917–1918, 94 ⫽ Brouwer 8). 36. This in itself echoes the story of the famed seer Teiresias who, in one version, glanced at the goddess Athena bathing, and was struck with blindness (Callimachus, Hymn 5, 91-100); another version had Teiresias watch snakes coupling. He killed the female, another time the male, while each time turning into the sex of the animal killed (Melampodia, ed. A. Rzach, Hesiodi Carmina [Stuttgart, 1967], 191–195 [fragments 160–169]). This experience, having been a woman and a man, inspired Hera and Zeus to inquire from Teiresias which of the two sexes enjoyed love making more. When Teiresias announced that women enjoyed sexual intercourse more, Hera blinded him (Ov. Met. 3.316–3.338). 37. Badian...

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