Vestal Virgins, Sibyls, and Matrons: Women in Roman Religion

Appendix B. Timeline

3000–1000 bce Neolithic and Bronze Age ca. 1700–1100 bce northern Italy: Terramaricoli Mid and southern Italy: Apennine culture 1000–ca. 750 bce Early Iron Age ca. 1000–800 bce Villanovan culture Fossa People Migration of Illyrian tribes ca. 800 bce Foundation of Carthage ca. 800–600 bce Greek colonization 753 bce Legendary foundation of Rome; Beginning of monarchy Late 7th–end of 6th century bce Etruscan rule over Rome 509 bce Legendary beginning of the Republic End of Monarchy End of 6th century First Roman-Carthaginian treaty bce Etruscan defeat at Aricia Beginning of Secession of the People 5th century bce Creation of the tribunate Treaty between Rome and the Latins Mid 5th century bce La Tène culture 509–265 bce Roman conquest of Italy End of Etruscan sea power in the Tyrrhenian Sea ca. 450 bce Codification of law (The 12 Tables) 445 bce Patricians and plebeians allowed to intermarry (lex Canuleia) 420s bce End of Etruscan rule in Capua (Campania) Late 5th century bce “Servian” centuriate organization 387 bce Celtic victory over Rome at the river Allia 367 bce Plebeian allowed to hold consulship (Licino-Sextian Law) 348 bce Treaty with Carthage appendix b timeline vestal virgins, sibyls, and matrons 138 (?)343–341 bce First Samnite War 340–338 bce War with Latins 326–304 bce Second Samnite War 300 bce Plebeians receive right to hold important Priesthoods (lex Ogulnia) 298–290 bce Third Samnite War Subjugation of the Sabines 274–204 bce Gnaius Naevius (poet) 272 bce Conquest of Tarentum T. Livius Andronicus (poet) arrives in Rome 265 bce Conquest of Volsiniis; conquest of Italy concluded 264–133 bce Roman imperialism 264–241 bce First Punic War 254–184 bce T. Maccius Plautus (playwright) 241 bce Roman naval victory off the Aegates Islands; peace with Carthage; Sicily becomes Rome’s first province 240 bce First showing of a drama (Greek style) in Rome 239–169 bce Quintus Ennius (poet) 238 bce Occupation of Sardinia Sardinia and Corsica, Rome’s second province 234–149 bce Marcus Porcius Cato the Censor (Roman statesman and writer) 229–228 bce First Illyrian War 227 bce Beginning of Roman provincial administration under praetors 226 bce Carthaginian–Roman treaty (so-called Ebro Treaty) 225–222 bce War against Celts in northern Italy 219 bce Second Illyrian War Late 3rd century bce Quintus Fabius Pictor (writer) 218–201 bce Second Punic War 215–205 bce First Macedonian War 202 bce Battle of Zama (south of Carthage, North Africa), Roman victory 201 bce Rome dictates peace 200–197 Second Macedonian War 197 bce Spain established as province 196 bce Titus Quinctius Flamininus proclaimed Greece’s freedom 192–188 bce War against Antiochus III (Syria); Rome victorious ca. 190–159 bce Publius Terentius Afer (playwright) 185 bce Slave uprising in Apulia 180–102 bce Lucilius (poet) 171–168 bce Third Macedonian War appendix b: timeline 139 168 bce Roman victory at Pydna, Greece ca. 157–86 bce Gaius Marius (politician) 154–133 bce War in Spain 149–146 bce Third Punic War 148 bce Macedonia established as province 146 bce Destruction of Corinth Destruction of Carthage; Africa established as province 138–78 bce Lucius Cornelius Sulla (statesman) 136–132 bce First slave uprising in Sicily 133–30 bce Late Republic Breakdown of system and civil wars 133 bce Attalos III of Pergamon bequeathed his empire to the Romans Agrarian reform of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (162–132 bce), tribune of the People 132 bce Murder of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus 123 bce Renewal of Agrarian reform by Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (154–121 bce), tribune of the People 121 bce Murder of Gaius Sempronius Gracchus Gallia Narbonensis established as province 116–27 bce Marcus Terentius Varro (antiquarian and writer) 113 bce Germanic tribes defeat Rome, northern Italy 111–105 bce Iugurthine War (North Africa) 106–43 bce Marcus Tullius Cicero (statesman and writer) 106–48 bce Gnaius Pompeius (Pompey) Magnus (statesman) 105 bce Cimbri (German Tribe) defeat Romans at Arausio (northern Italy) 104–101 bce Second slave revolt in Sicily 102 and 101 bce Marius Victorious over German tribes 100–44 bce Gaius Julius Caesar (statesman and writer) 100 bce First dispute among Optimates and Populares (political groups) ca. 96–55 bce Titus Lucretius Carus (poet) 95–46 bce Marcus Porcius Cato (statesman) 91 bce Attempted reforms of Livius Drusus, tribune of the People 90–88 bce Social War (war against Italian Allies...