Electronic Tribes: The Virtual Worlds of Geeks, Gamers, Shamans, and Scammers

Index

Italic page numbers refer to figures and tables. Abacha, Sani, 280 Abbey, Edward, 255 Abiola, Moshood, 280 Aboriginal Australians, 177, 180, 181–184, 190n36 accessibility, 16, 49, 85–86 AClist, 63 Adams, Tyrone, 80 adaptive structuration theory, 39–41 Adopted Bastards Network, 28 Adorno, Theodor, 187 Advance Fee Fraud: Spanish origins of, 280–282. See also Nigerian email scams affiliation of users: appropriate forms of, 32; clusters of, 45; and explanation of network, 28–29 affinity, models of, 23, 30–31 Afghanistan, 127 African Americans, 26 African state, criminalization of, 276 African tribes, 2, 277, 278, 286n49. See also Igbos Albert, Michael, 258 Alcheringa, 180, 181, 187 Alcoholics Anonymous, 83 Alderman, John, 179 Alexander the Great (film), 198 Amazon.com, 199 Amdeberhan, Tewodros, 189n10 AmeriCorps*VISTA, 58, 61–63 anarchism, 258–259, 261, 262, 264 anarcho-communism, 258, 264 anarcho-leftists, 261 anarcho-primitivists. See primitivism anarcho-syndicalism, 258 Anderson, Benedict, 127, 135 Anglo Americans, 26, 27, 34n21 Animal Liberation Front, 255 anonymity: and disclosure options, 145; and masked nature of identity, 98, 101–102; and pseudonyms, 212–213, 237, 245–246; purposes of hiding, 5; and screen names, 102, 113, 119, 122 answerability, 100 anticipation of future interaction (AFI), 42, 44 antitechnological anarchism, 255 Apter, Andrew, 276–277, 286n47 Aquarius Festival, 252 ARAPANET, 2 archived interactions, as source of study, 4 arguments: ritualized arguments, 261, 262, 263; suppression of, 31. See also conflicts; disagreement art scenes, and new user application , 29 Aryan bloodlines, 232, 241 Aryan Brotherhood, 234 Index 296 Electronic Tribes Aryan Nations, 232, 235, 238, 240, 245, 248n29, 249n33, 250n46 asabiya, 222–223, 224, 225, 226 Assembly of First Nations, 22 asynchronous interaction, 16, 43, 44, 129–130 authoritarian social relations, 253, 258 Bailey, Cudjoe, 131–134, 135 Bakhtin, Mikhail M., 33n7, 100 Ball-Rokeach, Sandra, 52 Barber, Benjamin, 61 Barbrook, Richard, 256 Barnes, Gail, 171–172 Bartle, Richard, 111 Baudrillard, Jean, 113 Bayart, Jean-François, 276 BBSes, 28, 31–32 bebo.com, 81 Becker, Gay, 29–30 belonging, sense of: being right equated with, 145; and individual identity, 144; and Montserrat, 135; reinforcement of, 99; and social formation, 252; and virtual communities , 98 Berber tribes, 222–223 Berger, Peter, 112–113 Berlin Wall, 259 Bey, Hakim, 24 Biafra, 278 binodal communication, 50 bio-regionalism, 255 Birch, Reg, 188n10 BitTorrent, 178 Black, Bob, 255, 259–260, 262 Blair Witch Project, The (film), 197 Blizzard Entertainment, 110, 115–116, 119 blogging, and slash fan fiction community , 215–220 body: boundaries of, 32; taboos surrounding , 252 body art, 192. See also tattoos Bookchin, Murray, 259–260, 262 Boomer Women Speak (BWS): founding of, 146; and friendship , 148–149, 152; and ideology, 149–150, 152, 153; and participantobservation , 147; and private messages, 153, 154; and protocols, 150–152; purpose of, 147–148; and sense of place, 152; as visual interface, 155 Boon, James, 256 boundaries: enemies reinforcing, 256, 258–259, 263; enforcing of, 262; and inclusion/exclusion, 253, 254–255; permeable boundaries, 73, 74; social boundaries, 31, 33, 119; within tribes, 257. See also geographical boundaries Bourdieu, Pierre, 254 Boyd, Danah, 29 Boyte, Harry C., 60 Brandl, John, 60 Branner, Eric, 198 Bregel, Dotsie, 146–147, 149–154 British National Criminal Intelligence Service, 271 British youth culture, 230 Brothers Grimm, 194 Brown, Henry Billings, 162, 170, 172 Buber, Martin, 100 bulletin boards, 1, 24 Burbules, Nicholas C., 99, 102, 109n17 Bureau of Public Secrets Web site, 260 Burning Man, 24, 80, 81, 84 Bury, Rhiannon, 209 Bush, George W., 68, 69–70, 275 Butler, Anneliese, 29–30 Butler, Richard, 238, 249n33 Byrdsong, Ricky, 250n40 C5I2 (Community, Consensus, Cooperation, Communication, Cybernetics, Intelligence and Intuition), 24–25 Camatte, Jacques, 256 Campbell, Ian, 287n69 capitalism: body art as rejection of, 192; and CyberTribe Rising mani- Index 297 festo, 24–25; and eco-feminism, 255; and MMORPGs, 120; tribes’ uncritical embrace of, 252 Cassidy, John, 279 Castells, Manuel, 135, 263 Castoriadis, Cornelius, 258 Chaliand, Gérard, 256 Chaney, David, 252–253 change: in individual identity, 184–185; in music acquisition process , 177; resistance to, 31; social changes, 45–46, 51–54 Chanock, Martin, 21 chat, as form of expression, 195 chat rooms, 180, 235, 238–240, 241 Chiaramonti, Greg, 189n10 China, 279 Christian Identity, 230, 232, 237–245, 249n36 chronotopes, 24, 33n7 Church of the Creator, 240 churingas, 177, 183–184, 186 civilization: anarcho-primitivists on, 254; and asabiya, 223; and primitivism , 112, 255, 264 civil society: and communitarianism, 58, 60...