Blockading the Border and Human Rights: The El Paso Operation That Remade Immigration Enforcement

Index

Index American Civil Liberties Union (aclu), 46, 241 American Friends Service Committee , 23, 165, 238 Americas Watch. See Human Rights Watch Amnesty International, 203 Anapra, Chihuahua (colonia/neighborhood far western Ciudad Juarez), 97, 99, 103, 110, 193, 195 Andreas, Peter, 2, 4, 5, 206, 231 Annunciation House (A-House), 173, 174, 175, 238 antiterrorism, 7, 164, 168, 181, 182, 183, 185, 198, 200, 219, 229, 230, 253, 258. See also terrorism/ terrorists Armendariz, Jr., Albert, 239 Arroyos, Ramón, 236 Barker, Luis, 165, 173, 258 Bean, Frank, 3, 5, 60, 64, 66, 67, 68, 72, 74, 76, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 101 Berlin Wall, 101, 108, 110, 121, 123, 193, 248 Bill of Rights, 136, 170, 199. See also Fifth Amendment, U.S. Constitution ; Fourth Amendment, U.S. Constitution Blackwater (military/security contractor ), 225 Boeing Corporation, 223, 224, 225, 259 Border Action Network, 258 Border Community Alliance for Human Rights, 217, 258 border crossing deaths. See deaths, border crossing border fence: chain-link/mesh, in Sunland Park, NM, 98, 103, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124, 148, 180, 193, 194, 197, 249; other border fences and fencing proposals, 125, 217, 219, 221, 222, 223, 259; virtual (see Secure Border Initiative Network (SBInet); virtual wall/fence along border). See also border wall proposal for Sunland Park, NM, by El Paso Border Patrol; Secure Fence Act of 2006 “Borderless zone” for El Paso (concept /proposal), 59 Border Militarization. See militarization of the border/militarized border Border Network for Human Rights (bnhr): and coalition work (relationships with other groups), 175, 217, 218; organizing and documenting (rights abuses) efforts in outlying areas (colonias, etc.), 169, 170, 171, 182, 184, 185, 199, 216; origins of, 165, 166; and protest 288 Index involvement/organizing, 175, 217, 218, 258; reports by, 171 Border Patrol, El Paso (sector): apprehension statistics of, 60–61, 85–88, 95, 168, 192, 220, 226, 245, 246, 255; area covered by, 18; and civil rights award, 146; and drug enforcement, 27, 28, 107, 140, 141, 166, 180, 196, 216, 248; ethnic make-up of, 18; gender make-up of, 18; immigration enforcement strategy in early twenty-first century (esp. post-9/11), 164, 166–169, 171, 172, 181, 182, 183, 197, 198, 200, 201; immigration enforcement strategy, Operation Blockade /Hold-the-Line (see Operation Blockade/Hold-the-Line, strategy of); immigration enforcement strategy, post–Operation Blockade (after early months, but still 1990s) in outlying areas, 148–155, 155– 160, 165, 166 (see also border wall proposal for Sunland Park, NM, by El Paso Border Patrol); immigration enforcement strategy pre– Operation Blockade (pre–Sept. 1993), 18, 21, 22, 25–32, 41–42, 44, 48, 56, 91–92; policy for presence at sensitive institutions (schools, churches, etc.), as per INS (parent agency), 154, 173, 175, 176, 252; presence on church grounds (see human rights violations/abuses, Border Patrol [El Paso]); presence on school grounds (see human rights violations/abuses, Border Patrol [El Paso]); rights violations (see human rights violations, Border Patrol [El Paso]); and scandals, 177, 220; and staffing levels (number of agents) of, 18, 59, 60, 152, 165, 168, 183, 219, 220; tensions of, with National Border Patrol and INS headquarters, 65, 76, 77–80, 96, 104–105, 121, 124, 190, 194. See also border wall proposal for Sunland Park, NM, by El Paso Border Patrol; Reyes, Silvestre: tensions of, with National Border Patrol and ins headquarters Border Patrol, U.S.: national and border regional strategy of, 2, 51, 77, 96, 168, 181, 200, 221, 229; and “prevention through deterrence” strategy, 2, 4, 96, 200, 205, 206, 221, 226, 227, 229, 253 (see also deaths, border crossing); staffing levels and budget for, 206, 221, 222, 226, 227, 260 Border Patrol Citizens Academy, 12, 18, 146, 243 Border Patrol Local Accountability Commission, 46, 175 Border Rights Coalition (brc) (El Paso), 14, 166, 236; and documenting of human rights abuses, 24, 151, 156, 165, 172, 197, 250, 251; origins and history of, 23–24, 165, 184, 238; response of, to Operation Blockade, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 190, 243, 244; role of, in border wall proposal campaign (Sunland Park, NM–Anapra, Chihuahua), 103, 115, 193 (see also People Against the Wall); role of, in Bowie lawsuit, 24, 26, 30, 33, 38, 41, 44, 47, 48, 136, 190, 246 border security, 4, 112, 210, 216, 219, 258, 259 border wall proposal for Sunland Park, NM, by El Paso Border Patrol (1993–1995): and bandits and gangs, 102, 105, 108...