Freedom Is Not Enough: The War on Poverty and the Civil Rights Movement in Texas

Chapter Three

ing Our Resources, 1966–1975, to Achieve ‘Freedom from Want,’” pamphlet, October 1966, OEO Records, Records of the Office of Civil Rights, Director Alphabetical Files, 1964–1969, NA; Dallek, Flawed Giant, 78–79. 32. Matusow, Unraveling of America, 124. 33. Adam Cohen and Elizabeth Taylor, American Pharaoh: Mayor Richard Daley— His Battle for Chicago and the Nation (New York: Little, Brown, 2000), 317. 34. Daniel Moynihan, Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding: Community Action in the War on Poverty (New York: Free Press, 1970), 142. 35. Matusow, Unraveling of America, 125, 243. 36. Ibid., 243–246; John A. Andrew, Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society (Chicago: I. R. Dee, 1998), 64–65; John Morton Blum, Years of Discord: American Politics and Society , 1961–1974 (New York: Norton, 1992), 150–152; Dallek, Flawed Giant, 111. 37. Andrew, Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society, 71. 38. Moynihan, Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding, xv. 39. Matusow, Unraveling of America, 244. 40. Moynihan, Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding, xviii. 41. Matusow, Unraveling of America, 126. 42. Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement, 47; Patterson, America’s Struggle, 134. 43. Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement, 46–47. 44. Katz, Undeserving Poor, 85–86. 45. Dona Cooper Hamilton and Charles V. Hamilton, The Dual Agenda: Race and Social Welfare Policies of Civil Rights Organizations (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), 157. 46. Dallek, Flawed Giant, 108. 47. Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–1965 (New York: Touchstone, 1998), 444. 48. Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement, 46. 49. Sargent Shriver, Address before the Arkansas State Legislature, March 9, 1965, OEO Records, Office of Civil Rights, Director’s Alphabetical Files, 1964–1969, NA. 50. Branch, Pillar of Fire, 445; Nick Kotz, Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws That Changed America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005), 184. 51. Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement, 47. C h a P t e r t h r e e 1. Green, The Establishment, 7. 2. Sar Levitan, The Great Society’s Poor Law: A New Approach to Poverty (Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1969), 60. 3. Ibid. 4. Terrell Blodgett to Terry Sanford, July 12, 1965, John Connally Papers, Box 25 Series 38, LBJL. 5. Ibid. 6. OEO, Community Action Program Guide (Washington, DC: 1965), 33. 1  0 Notes to Pages 34–40 7. Bill Moyers to Marvin Watson, June 9, 1965, WHCF, Confidential File (hereafter CF), Box 98, LBJL. 8. Ibid. 9. Dallek, Lone Star Rising, 186–187, 360–362. 10. James Reston, The Lone Star: The Life of John Connally (New York: Harper and Row, 1989), 202. 11. Ibid., 434. 12. Reston, Lone Star, 291. 13. Beschloss, Taking Charge, 206. The Shivercrats, in opposition to the growing liberalism of the Democratic Party, staged a Democrats for Eisenhower campaign to secure the state for the Republicans in the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections. 14. Memorandum, Sargent Shriver to Lyndon Johnson, May 4, 1965, WHCF, Executive Series, Box 124, LBJL. 15. Pycior, LBJ and Mexican Americans, 173. 16. Reston, Lone Star, 305. 17. John Connally to Lyndon Johnson, telegram, May 17, 1965, Connally Papers, Box 25, Series 38, Center for American History, University of Texas (hereafter CAH-UT). 18. Ibid. 19. Patterson, America’s Struggle, 147. 20. Ashmore, Carry It On, 122. 21. Reston, Lone Star, 303. Reston left out the name of the city to protect the identity of the former felon. 22. Ibid., 304. 23. Ibid., 302. 24. Ibid., 303. 25. Ibid., 304. 26. Ibid., 306. 27. Walter Richter to John Connally, May 31, 1966, John Connally Papers, Box 25, Series 38, LBJL. 28. Levitan, Great Society’s Poor Law, 61; OEO, Community Action Program Guide, 34. 29. Beschloss, Taking Charge, 205–206. 30. Montejano, Anglos and Mexicans, 276–277. 31. Pycior, LBJ and Mexican Americans, 51, 99. 32. Reston, Lone Star, 305. 33. Ibid. 34. Ibid., 302. 35. Ibid. 36. “Hope Seen for Poor and Jobless,” Houston Informer, December 25, 1965. 37. “Job Corp[s],” Houston Informer, May 13, 1967, 3. 38. Ibid. 39. “Gary Job Corps Observes 2d Year of Service, Lauds Informer,” Houston Informer , April 8, 1967, 4. 40. William Clayson, “Texas Poverty and Liberal Politics: The Office of EcoNotes to Pages 41–45 1  1 nomic Opportunity and the War on Poverty in the Lone Star State” (Ph.D. diss., Texas Tech University, 2001), 111–117. 41. Pycior, LBJ and Mexican Americans, 151. 42. Arnoldo De León, Ethnicity in the Sunbelt...