The Art of Professing in Bourbon Mexico: Crowned-Nun Portraits and Reform in the Convent

Index

Index Note: Italic page numbers refer to figures and tables. Abeyta, Ray Martín, Rosario de Besos, 176–177, 176 Academia de San Carlos, Mexico City, 46, 142–143 Africans, 20, 153, 155–156 Alameda Park, Mexico City, 167, 168, 169 Alcíbar, José de, 46; Madre María Ana Josefa de Señor San Ignacio, professional portrait (Conceptionist), 58–60, 59, 139; Sor María Ignacia de la Sangre de Cristo, profession portrait (Urbanist Franciscan), 47– 48, 49, 60–61, 107, 109, 115, 176, 189–190n28 Alcíbar, José de (attributed), Madre Rosa María del Espíritu Santo, profession portrait (Carmelite), 61– 62, 63 An Allegory of America Nursing Foreigners (Anonymous), 149, 156 the Americas: allegorical images of, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 208n2; Creole images of, 157–167, 169; European images of, 152–156, 159– 160, 169, 213n40, 213n43 Amerindians: and allegorical images of the Americas, 148, 152; Christian society’s full incorporation of, 126, 128; colonial debate on nature of, 94, 95–97, 197n7, 197n11; European images of, 152, 156; literacy of, 153; nobility of, 22, 79, 95, 97, 101, 105, 107, 198n22, 199n36; and Saint Thomas the Apostle, 159; wedding traditions of, 101, 102. See also indigenous nuns; indigenous women; Mesoamerican cultural traditions Ana Josefa de la Santísima Trinidad, Sor, 139, 140 Ana María de San Francisco y Neve, Sor, 26, 27 Aristotle, 95, 197n7 Augustinian order, 23, 24, 54–57, 61 avian motifs: in crowned-nun portraits , 60, 61, 64, 99, 107, 109, 114; and Euro-Christian tradition, 99, 103, 107, 113, 115, 119; and garden imagery, 74; and Mesoamerican cultural traditions, 12, 109, 110, 240 ~ The Art of Professing in Bourbon Mexico avian motifs (continued) 112–113, 114, 119; and Virgin Mary, 114 Aztec deities, 110, 110, 112, 112, 201n44 Aztec women, 7, 107, 109, 110, 159 Barbara, Saint, 35, 37 baroque style, 4, 6–7, 174 barroco de Indias, 10, 12, 156, 159 beatas and beaterios, 18–19, 20, 40, 183n11 Benedictine order, 145 Benedict XIV (pope), 150 Borgraf, Diego de, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, 87–88, 87 Bourbon reforms, 8–9, 141, 156 Brigittines, 48, 132, 192n47 butterfly motifs: in crowned-nun portraits, 60, 61, 99, 107, 109, 114; and Euro-Christian traditions, 113, 115; and garden imagery, 74; and Mesoamerican cultural traditions , 12, 109, 110, 111, 112–113, 119, 202n56 Cabrera, Miguel, 46, 116; Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz ( Jeronymite), 165– 167, 166; Sor María Narcisa / Doña Ana María Pérez Cano (Capuchin), 29 Calancha, Antonio de la, 158, 211n26 Calderón de la Barca, Frances, 30, 115, 116, 117–118 Capuchin order: austerity of, 31, 64, 123, 133, 143, 192n47; and communal life, 23, 58; and convents for indigenous nuns, 95, 99; and Creole nuns, 161; habits of, 63, 99, 132; and profession portraits, 48, 62–64, 143, 206n26; and Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, 70 Cárdenas, Juan de, 152, 156, 170 Carducho, Vincente, 38, 45–46, 51 Carmelite order: austerity of, 22, 32, 123; and communal life, 23, 58, 62; and crowned-nun portraits, 35, 61; habits of, 61, 62, 132; men’s profession portraits, 204n3; and nuptial mysticism, 77; and profession portraits, 138; rules and constitutions of, 22–23, 28, 138–139, 161; and shrine of el Cristo de Santa Teresa, 124 casta paintings, 153, 154–155, 169–170, 209n13 castas, 25, 152, 156, 174 Castillo, José del, Madre María Clara Josefa, profession portrait (Capuchin ), 63–64, 63, 147 Catherine of Alexandria, Saint, 86– 88, 87, 89, 90 Catherine of Siena, Saint, 61, 76, 77, 88, 89, 127, 146 Catholic Church: and canonization requirements, 90; and convents’ rights to fabricate devotional medals, 124, 205n18; on dress of private-life nuns, 141; Mexican government’s seizing of properties , 174; normative gender values of, 123; and nuns’ mysticism, 129, 145–146, 147; orthodoxy of, 165; patriarchal role toward women, 12, 13, 122, 145, 147, 164; sacred subjects, 67; Tridentine Church, 26, 164; and Virgin Mary, 80. See also monastic reforms Charles V (Holy Roman emperor), 14–15, 38, 40 Chicano identity, 176–177 client-patron relations: and crownednun portraits, 8, 11, 12, 165, 170– 171, 172; and founding of convents , 126–128; and monastic reforms, 10, 123–129, 131, 146–147; Index ~ 241 and normative, gendered symbols, 138; and nuns’ religious services, 125–126, 128–129, 131, 204n9 Codex Borgia, 109, 110, 110 colegios de niñas...