Undocumented Dominican Migration

Index

Index Page numbers in italics indicate photos. abandonment, 26, 50, 114, 115,135, 251nn63,64, 253n15; causes of, 117; facilitated by consensual unions, 114; laws regarding, 247–248n41; and values, 107; by women, 117, 118 abuse, of passengers, 64 advertising, 89, 90 Afghani migrants, 54 agency, 40, 99, 142, 149, 150, 223n1, 225n1, 235n39 Aguada, 46, 49 Aguadilla, xiv, 46, 71, 80; as arrival site, 161; as site of air station, xv, 181, 220 air migration, 42, 68. See also fraudulent documents; TSA; two-ticket scheme Alberto, 207; on marriage as business arrangement, 73; and migrantorganized trip, 39 Alejandro, 62; experience at sea, 61–62; and risk tolerance, 147 Algerian migrants, 243–244n10 Alicia, 31, 34, 165–166 Altagracia, 26, 160; on failed migrations, 27; on fate, 148; on husband’s migration , 134, 160; poverty of, 22; on protecting captains, 192; and reason to migrate, 146 Álvarez Renta, Luis, 102, 246–247n34 Amado (captain): on cell phones/ detection, 212; and days in monte, 42; on decrease in yola trips, 100; on deceiving migrants, 91; on detention, 207; on fear, 147–148; and jumping ship, 56; on migrant-organized trips, 59; on migrating husbands, 134; and mysterious disappearances, 142; on radar, 212; and reason for return, 155; on smuggling fees, 52; tactic of, 41; on yola transportation, 43 amnesty, 10, 11, 141, 254n25 Añasco, 80 anxiety, 1, 147, 157, 159; reason for return, 161, 256–257n52 Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility (I-601), 72. See also marriage fraud Assistant U.S. Attorney (AUSA), 172, 189, 192, 193, 203, 206, 207 ayudantes (crew members), x, 32, 36, 38, 46, 53, 63, 109, 122, 128, 174, 193, 194, 195, 200, 202, 205, 214, 252n1, 264–165n47; conflation of, with captain, 199, 201, 266n59; sentencing of, 204 306 Undocumented Dominican Migration Báez Figueroa, Ramón, 102 Balaguer, Joaquín (D.R. president), 9, 103 Banco Intercontinental (Baninter), 22; bailout of, 101–102 Bayahibe, xiv, 97 Betty, 166, 238n25; and possible self, 153; success of, 154 biometrics, 70, 181, 189, 191, 206, 263–264n38; and biometrics at sea, 178, 189, 190, 263–264n38 Biscayne Bay, Florida, 170 Blackmun, Harry, 169 bola (free trip), 52–53, 54, 130 border enforcement, xi; and awareness of evasion tactics, 268n85; and corporate capitalism, 9; enhancement of, 6, 52, 68, 207, 208; evasion of, 41; and inequality, 229–230n18; and migrant flows, 3, 11, 156; and “prevention through deterrence,” 204; reactive policy, 168–174; reducing yola migration , 207; view of, by migrants, xii Border Patrol, 32, 46, 47, 147; on captain error, 59; Del Rio Sector, 172; on Dominican navy, 104; and FURA, 262n27; and migrant-organized trips, 40 Boston, 71, 203 Brazilians, 55 breast-feeding, 62–63, 99 bribes, 103, 104; and impunity, 247n37 broaching, 57, 58. See also capsizing brujería, 136, 139 brujos, 139. See also brujería Bush, George H. W., 168, 169 Bush, George W., 109, 170 Cabeza del Toro, 194 Cabo Engaño, 57 Cabo Rojo, 46 cannibalism, 61, 63, 99, 239–240n32 capitalism, 6; corporate, 8, 9, 110; global, 8 capsizing, 45, 57, 60, 183, 195 captains, ix–x, xi, xii, 61–62, 192, 193, 200, 202, 261n19; and accommodating passengers, 53–54; armed, 64; and captain error, 58–59; and death penalty, 109; evading Coast Guard, 59; fearing arrest, 161; freelance, 38; and giving migrants a choice, 32–33; as having final say, 43; and intimidating witnesses, 192; and limited knowledge , 212, 213; and malfeasance, 63–65; migrants’ view of, 39, 193; murder of, 63, 67; and navigation, 44–45; overconfidence of, 58, 205; perceptions of, x, 39; and pressure from passengers, 194–195; prosecution of, 124; and relatives’ revenge, 67; rescuing passengers, 193; self-employed, 37; surviving failed trips, 142; tactics of, 213, 214, 268n85; and weather, 65 Caquito (captain), 65, 67 Caribbean Air and Marine Operations, 179, 181, 182 Caribbean Border Interagency Group (CBIG), 179, 180; layered approach of, 180; and “publicize and deter,” 204 Caridad, 20–21, 114, 129, 129; apartment of, 145; desperate situation of, 144–145; and failed trips, 24; on infidelity, 114 Carlos, xviii; and being found, 48; and fear, 100; house of, 16; and migrantorganized trip, 39; on perseverance, 153 cartas de ruta, 38, 70, 96 Carter, Jimmy, 161, 209 Catalina, 63 catamarans, 42 Catholic Church: on human dignity, 235n39; on migration, 140–141 Cayman Islands, 101 Cayo Levantado, and scam, 68 cell phones, 48; and detection, 212–213 cheap labor force, 9 Chencho, xviii; house of, 16; on the law...