Citizens and Sportsmen

Cover

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Title Page, Copyright Page

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Contents

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pp. v-

Acknowledgments

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pp. vii-ix

Financial support for this project came from a variety of institutions, including the American Association of University Women, the American Popular Culture Association, Hofstra University’s Faculty Research and Development Fund, the Social Science Research Council...

Introduction

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pp. 1-15

Fútbol, or soccer as it is called in the United States, is the most popular sport in the world. Millions schedule their lives and build identities around a relatively simple struggle between two teams for the control of a ball. The mechanics of the game have changed...

1. Rayando la Cancha—Marking the Field: Chilean Football, 1893–1919

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pp. 17-50

The photograph on the next page, taken in 1893 of the Santiago Club, has been cited as the earliest image of Chilean footballers. These eleven figures, stoically posed, have been reproduced countless times to evoke nostalgia among fans...

2. The Massive, Modern, and Marginalized in Football of the 1920s

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pp. 51-89

In the historical literature on Europe and the Americas, the 1920s appears as a watershed decade. The experience of modernity and urbanization, quintessentially transnational, has been viewed as the defining characteristic of the period...

3. "The White Elephant": The National Stadium, Populism, and the Popular Front, 1933–1942

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pp. 90-126

At the inauguration of the National Stadium in December 1938, thousands of Chileans experienced a massive spectacle for the first time. Arturo Alessandri imagined the stadium as his administration’s final triumph. Following the downfall of Carlos Ibáñez and the...

4. The "Latin Lions" and the "Dogs of Constantinople": Immigrant Clubs, Ethnicity, and Racial Hierarchies in Football, 1920–1953

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pp. 127-164

In 1962, the executive committee of the World Cup distributed a magazine throughout the world to attract visitors to Chile, the host country. State officials, businessmen, and leaders of civic associations offered basic facts, including population, area, and climate...

5. "Because We Have Nothing . . .": The Radicalization of Amateurs and the World Cup of 1962

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pp. 165-206

In the 1950s, amateur football clubs created a magnetic icon of the popular barrio player. This figure became a symbol of working-class ingenuity and class injustice. Amateurs tore away at the perception of sports as fair by exposing the corruption of professional...

6. The New Left, Popular Unity, and Football, 1963–1973

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pp. 207-241

The atmosphere of the 1960s was charged with tension and excitement for young people in cities around the world. In Latin America, the growth of armed leftist groups, feminism, and indigenous rights movements met with a strong conservative reaction. To further complicate matters...

Epilogue

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pp. 242-253

On 11 September 1973, the Chilean armed forces conducted a coup against the government of Salvador Allende. They received support from the U.S. government, especially in the form of covert aid from the Central Intelligence Agency. The bombardment...

Notes

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pp. 254-290

Bibliography

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pp. 291-306

Index

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pp. 307-315