Made in Mexico

Front Cover

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Copyright

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Table of Contents

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Acknowledgments

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pp. vii-ix

I can think of no better way to begin these acknowledgments than by expressing my deep appreciation to the individuals and institutions in Mexico that work to preserve the documents that I used in researching this book. Without them, the past would be hidden, perhaps irretrievably, and the field of historical research greatly impoverished. I want to thank the Ca�mara de la Industria Textil de Puebla y Tlaxcala, where so many people went out ...

Abbreviations

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pp. xi-xii

Introduction

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pp. 1-23

On October 21, 1952, President Miguel Alemán (1946–52) enacted a decree mandating that all clothing manufactured for domestic consumption carry a label stating ‘‘Hecho en México’’ and giving the product’s region and factory of origin.¹ The provenance of the ‘‘Hecho en México’’ decree dated to 1927, when officials and producers perceived a crisis of consumer confidence in domestic goods.² Officials in 1952 cited quality and consistency ...

Chapter 1: The Politics of State Economic Intervention From The Revolution To The Great Depression

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pp. 24-52

With the full force of economic depression bearing down on Mexico by 1931, officials implored producers to do their part to salvage the Mexican economy and ensure national welfare. They even imagined a manifesto targeting the business community: ‘‘When managers realize that it is necessary to employ virility, courage, energy, and intelligence to lead their businesses, then we will save our national industry.’’¹ These were to be a new ...

Chapter 2: "Jalisco, Open Your Arms To Industry": Industrialism and Regional Authority in Guadalajara in the 1930s and 1940s

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pp. 53-93

In the mid-1930s, citing article 33 of the 1917 Constitution, President Lázaro Cárdenas (1934–40) tried to expel from Mexico foreign-born entrepreneur Enrique Anisz, a successful Jaliscan alcohol merchant, on the grounds that he engaged in activities destructive to the nation.¹ When Anisz soon after learned of President Cárdenas’s failed efforts to buy land from a ...

Chapter 3: The Passion and Rationalization of Mexican Industrialism: Rival Visions of State and Society in the Early 1940s

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pp. 94-130

In September 1941, discontented workers from Materiales de Guerra, a government arms and munitions manufacturer, marched to President Ávila Camacho’s residence to petition for higher salaries and to lodge complaints against the company manager. With the women in front carrying flowers for the president’s wife, about two thousand workers, union members, and supporters made their way on foot from the factory to Los Pinos, the ...

Chapter 4: Sowing Exclusion: Machinery, Labor, and Industrialist Authority in Puebla in the 1940s

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pp. 131-168

According to lawyer and textile-industry investor Francisco Doria Paz, on the night of July 23, 1943, labor leader Luis Morones called him over to his table at a restaurant in Puebla where both happened to be dining. As Doria Paz later recounted the story to the Association of Textile Entrepreneurs of Puebla and Tlaxcala (Asociaci�n de Empresarios Textiles de Puebla y Tlaxcala, AETPT), Morones proposed a toast to celebrate the recent, albeit ...

Chapter 5: The Politics of Nationalist Development in Postwar Mexico City

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pp. 169-204

Though President Alem�n took office with a pledge to promote industry through a combination of tax exemptions and tariff modifications, within seven months he had abandoned that pledge in favor of trade controls.¹ This decision was controversial, since tariffs merely deterred imports and exports, while trade quotas prohibited them. President Alem�n turned to these ...

Chapter 6: Recentering The Nation: Industrial Liberty in Postrevolutionary Monterrey

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pp. 205-240

In February 1946, Monterrey business leaders cautioned, ‘‘Currently, there is a divorce between the state government and the ‘active forces’ in the city of Monterrey.’’ This followed comments by the ruling-party governor Arturo de la Garza (1944–49) that condemned the ‘‘rich’’ businesspeople of the city.¹ The contretemps occurred a mere two months after a contentious December 1945 municipal election, in which the PRM, the PAN, and the ...

Conclusion

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pp. 241-248

By the early 1950s, statist industrialism promised to deliver not just industrial development but also cultural sovereignty, political unity, economic independence, and social change. By adapting the revolutionary possibilities of mexicanidad, President Alem�n affirmed the legitimacy of ruling-party claims to be leading this regeneration of the Mexican nation through statist industrialism. ...

Bibliography

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pp. 249-275

Index

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pp. 276-292

Back Page

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