Challenging Liberalism: Feminism as Political Critique

Index

abstraction, 2, 160, 171. See also individualism ; liberalism Brown and, 124–25 critique of O’Neill’s views on, 80–85 eliminating injustice and, 88 idealization and, O’Neill’s account of, 78–85 MacKinnon on, 98–103 male dominance and, 101–2 Nussbaum’s misrepresentation of radical feminist critique of, 98–103 O’Neill and, 77–78, 160 oppression and, 85–88 problems of, in liberalism, 5–9 adaptive preferences, 47–48, 105–6 agency, 149 Butler’s theory of, 153–54 ambition, Dworkin’s theory of “equality of resources” and, 45–51 Anderson, Elizabeth, 71, 78, 113, 173 ideals and, 90–92 theory of democratic equality of, 93 Austin, J. L., 134, 135, 137, 138–41, 144–46 Index authority, 144–49 pornography and, 147–48 Babbitt, Susan, 78, 87, 113, 173 ideals and, 88–90 bracketing facts, 93 Brown, Wendy, 11–12, 159 abstraction and, 124–25 feminist reformulations of right to equality and, 115–16 identity and, 114 law and, 113–14 MacKinnon and, 114–15 objections to “identity-based” political criticism and, 116–18 politics and, 125–26 rejection of legal methods to reformulate rights and, 122–27 social change and, 128–30 speaking out about experiences of oppression and, 120–22 on women as “victims” of male domination, 118–20 Butler, Judith, 11–12, 159 on authority and power of social context, 144–49 experience and, 114 on gap between speech and its effects, 134–38 impact of, on feminist theory, 133–34 law and, 113–14 MacKinnon and, 114–15 on restaging, and resignifying hate speech, 149–53 Calhoun, Cheshire, 161–62 care ethics, 98, 161, 162 change social, law and, 128–30 social structures of, 145–46 character planning, 46–47 circumstances, Dworkin’s theory of “equality of resources” and, 45–51 civil liberties, liberalism and, 5 confessional discourse, 120–22 consciousness-raising, 107, 122 Constructions of Reason (O’Neill), 82, 85 Crenshaw, Kimberlè, 116 “Deferential Wife,” case of, 86–87 democratic equality, 91, 93 Dines, Gail, 165 discrimination, 89 Duggan, Lisa, 162 Dworkin, Andrea, 15, 16, 33–34, 129 Dworkin, Ronald, 5, 7, 8–9, 26, 70, 89, 91, 160, 169, 171 ambition and circumstances in theory of, 45–51 assumptions about “background institutions” in theory of, 41–43 criticisms of theory of distribution of equality, 38–39 envy test of, 49–50 importance of rights and, 16–21 individual rights and, 27 206 Index preferences and, 46–51 rights versus goals and, 31–32 social structures and sources of inequality in theory of, 43–44 theory of distribution of equality, defined, 39–41 theory of distribution of equality and, 37–38 treatment of “expensive tastes” by, 47 egalitarianism, luck, 71, 91–93 Elster, Jon, 46–48 equality, 5, 114. See also inequality Brown’s objections to feminist reformulations of, 115–16 democratic, 93 ideal of democratic, 91 of resources, 37–38, 91 rights and, 32–34 sex, 100–101 of welfare, 91 Excitable Speech (Butler), 133–34, 153 “expensive tastes,” Dworkin’s treatment of, 47 experience, 114 feminism alternatives of, to liberal methodology , 166–73 focus on social groups and, 106–8, 161–69, 172–73 ideals and concepts of liberalism and, 1–2 pornography and, 165–66 feminist methodology, liberal abstraction and, 98–103 Feminist Politics and Human Nature (Jaggar), 6 feminists criticisms of liberalism and, 2–3, 95–98 women’s status as “victims” of male domination and, 118–20 Judith Butler, continued feminist theory impact of Butler on, 133–34 liberalism and, 4 male dominance and, 169 freedoms, liberalism and, 5 Friedman, Marilyn, 3 Frye, Marilyn, 168 gender absence of, in works of Rawls, 73 MacKinnon on, 100–101 pluralism of views about, 65–67 Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (Butler), 133, 153 Gilligan, Carol, 98 goals, versus rights, 31–32 goodness, conceptions of, liberalism and, 5 Green, Leslie, 147 Hampton, Jean, 175n5 hate speech, 133, 134, 137. See also racist hate speech; speech as illocution, 142–43 restaging and resignifying injurious, 149–53 Hill, Thomas, 86 Hornsby, Jennifer, 139–40 Hunter, Nan, 162 idealization abstraction and, 78–80 critique of O’Neill’s views on, 80–85 ideals importance of normative, 90–91 normative, 88 role of, for challenging oppression, 88–90 ideal theory Rawls and, 59–60 reasonable pluralism and, 67–69 identity, 114 Index 207 “identity-based” political criticism, 116–18 illocutionary disablement, 151 illocutionary speech acts, 136–41...