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glossary Avodah: Literally “service,” the sacrificial procedure in the Temple. In Jewish liturgy, the prayer service recited at Yom Kippur describing the sacrifice for the Day of Atonement as described in Leviticus 16. Azazel: According to Rabbinic interpretation of Leviticus 16:8‒10, the precipice in the wilderness from which the scapegoat was cast. Also identified as oq. Hata6at: The purification ceremony or “sin-offering” described inµ Leviticus 16. Hazan: A synagogue official who in antiquity served as a prayerµ leader, composer of piyyut, or schoolteacher. Kinnui: Metonymy; a poetic device used in piyyut whereby a word or phrase, often based on a biblical verse, stands for another. Midrash: Rabbinic interpretation of the Bible. Minhah: A sacrificial offering (see Genesis 4:3‒5), especially a grainµ offering (Leviticus 2:1‒16). Payetan: A composer and performer of piyyut. Piyyut: Hebrew and Aramaic liturgical poetry, which began in the first centuries of the Common Era and flourished in Palestinian synagogues from the third to eighth centuries c.e. Shamir: An extremely hard stone, or perhaps a living creature, which was used to hew stone in the Temple and engrave the names on the stones of the High Priest's breastpiece according to rabbinic legends. Tamid: The daily sacrificial offering as described in Exodus 29:38‒42 and Numbers 28:1‒8. ...

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