The Rise and Fall of Repression in Chile

Index

233 Academia de Guerra, 42 access to prisoners, 25, 59 ACHA (Chilean Anti-Communist Action Group), 209n4 Acta de Constitución de la Junta de Gobierno, 54 agency specialist, as internal monitor, 32–33 agent: corrupt, 35–36; and use of discretion, 144. See also monitor air force, Chilean, 192n37; Servicio de Inteligencia de la Fuerza Aérea (SIFA), 77, 112, 196n9. See also military, Chilean Alessandri, Jorge, 207n34 Allende, Salvador, 41, 43–44; assassination of, 191n26 alliance building, and external monitoring, 36 amnesty, for human rights violations committed between 1973 and 1978, 100, 104, 122–24, 204n18 Amnesty International, 24, 186n9, 197n15 ANC (African National Congress), 141–42 Andersen, Martin Edwin, 137 anticommunism, Chilean military and, 48–50 Antiterrorist Law (1984), 202n5 Antofagasta, Chile, 62 apartheid, South African, 140–41, 212n10 Arancibia, General Fernando, 108, 188n11, 206n27, 206n28 Arancibia Clavel, Enrique, 96, 188n8, 200n18, 209n5 Arellano Iturriaga, Sergio, 193n40 Arellano mission of 1973, 60–67 Arellano Stark, General Sergio, 46, 60–67, 189n12, 193n42 Argentina, 14, 136–39, 145–46, 196n4; and DINA operations, 95–96 Arica, Chile, 62–63 armed forces, Chilean. See military, Chilean armed nonstate groups, authoritarian nature of, 4 army, Chilean, 192n37; Servicio de Inteligencia Militar (SIM), 77, 196n9. See also military, Chilean Arredondo, Colonel Sergio, 193n42 Arriagada Herrera, Genaro, 70 authoritarian enclaves, 146 authoritarianism, xvi, 7; scope of, 3–4 authoritarian ruler: and external monitoring, 24–25, 146; and military, 4–6; and police, 4–6 Aylwin, Patricio, 55–56, 192n36 Index 234 Index Baeza, General Ernesto, 192n26 balance of power, 126–29 Balkans, during 1990s, 190n23 Barros, Robert, 108–10, 194n48, 195n55 Bejares González, General Hernán, 203n12 Benavides, General Cesar, 203n12 Benquis, Judge José, 123 Berriós, Eugenio, 209n5; assassination of, 203n8 Bethell, Leslie, 202n3 Biko, Steven, 142 BIM (Metropolitan Intelligence Brigade), 88. See also DINA blind coercion, 28–29, 35–36, 137 Blixen, Samuel, 201n20 Bonilla, General Oscar, 79, 189n12 Botha, P. W., 142 Brazil, National Information Service (SNI), 198n4 Brysk, Alison, 138 bureaucraticcoercion,31–34,139–40 Bussi, Hortensia, 46 Carabineros, 48, 98, 120, 122–23, 190n19, 192n37; Servicio de Inteligencia de Carabineros (SICAR), 77, 196n9. See also military, Chilean Carmona, Juan de Dios, 42 Carter administration, and pressure against junta, 103–4 Carvajal, Admiral Patricio, 44, 47, 190n17 Castillo Velasco, Jaime, 122, 128, 206n30, 208n1 Catholic University, 106, 187n3 CChDH (Comisión Chilena de Derechos Humanos), 122, 127, 210n15 censorship, in South Africa, 141–42 centralization: of coercion, 76; of internal monitoring, 22 Chacabuco (prison camp), 60 chief executive, as principal, 185n6 Chile: military government in, 9, 54–56; political history, 187n7; relations with Argentina, 195n50; relations with Peru, 195n50. See also junta, Chilean; military, Chilean Chilean coup of 1973, 41, 186n2, 207n31, 207n32; abortive attempt of June 29, 44–45; and anticommunism, 48–53; and breakdowns in hierarchy, 42–48; and confusion over powers, 53–56; and counterinsurgency, 48–53; turmoil following, 56–67 Chilean government: cabinet, 100, 106–7, 208n3; Ministry of Defense, 101, 119; Ministry of Interior, 100–101, 119, 209n3 Christian Democrats, and 1973 coup, 55–56 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 43, 189n16, 200n15 civilians, appointed to cabinet, 100, 106–7 civil society, South African, 141 CNI (Central National de Informaciones ),13,100–102,119,209n4; bases of operations, 101–2, 203n7; and CChDH, 122, 127, 210n15; and civil society groups, 121–22; and DINA, 101–2, 124–29, 202n3; dispute with Carabineros, 120; effectiveness of, 120–21; staff, 102, 119. See also shift of 1977–78 Index 235 coercion, in Chile: after 1973 coup, 56–67; after 1978, 118–24; as defining characteristic of dictatorship, 16–17; organization of, 143–44; secrecy of, 82; targeting of, 82–83; uniformity of, 81–82 coercion problem, xv–xvi, 3; Chile as case study, 9–14; in comparative perspective, 136–43; and creation of DINA, 75–77; sources of information, 4. See also blind coercion; bureaucratic coercion; hideand -seek coercion; transparent coercion Colonels’ Committee, 78 Comando Conjunto, 98, 112 Comisión DINA, 78, 87, 195n52. See also DINA Comisión Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliación, 66 Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Politica y Tortura, 203n9 comparative perspective, on coercion problem, 136–43 competition: between DINA and rival groups, 98; and external monitoring, 36 Congo, Democratic Republic of, 29 congressional committees, as external monitors, 24 Consejo del Estado, 107 consolidation-of-power argument, for rise of DINA, 70–75 constitutionalists, in Chilean military...