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N O T E S Throughout the notes and bibliography, the following abbreviations are used: JRMA Jacques and Raïssa Maritain Archives, Kolbsheim, France OCJRM Jacques Maritain and Raïssa Maritain, Oeuvres complètes de Jacques et Raïssa Maritain, 17 vols. (Freiburg: Éditions Universitaires, 1993) Introduction 1. Raïssa Maritain, Journal de Raïssa, OCJRM 15:361. All translations of French sources are my own unless otherwise noted. 2. This quote and the succeeding ones in the paragraph are from Raïssa Maritain, “Récit de ma conversion,” OCJRM 15:837. Although most of the secondary literature on Raïssa Maritain refers to her as “Raïssa,” I have decided to adhere to standard academic protocol unless otherwise noted and refer to her by her last name, Maritain. When her famous husband Jacques appears in the text (the more well-known “Maritain”), I refer to him as “Jacques” and use “Raïssa” in the surrounding sentences to avoid confusion. “Maritain” in the singular refers to Raïssa. 3. Charles Péguy, “Les suppliants parallèles” [1905], in Oeuvres en prose complètes, vol. 2 (Paris: Gallimard, 1988), 869–935. 4. René Bazin, Charles de Foucauld: Explorateur du Maroc, ermite au Sahara (Paris: Plon, 1921), 242. 5. Simone Weil distinguishes souffrance and malheur in her classic essay on this theme, “L’amour de Dieu et le malheur,” in Simone Weil: Oeuvres compl étes, vol. 4 (Paris: Gallimard, 2007), 754–69, translated into English by 205 Emma Craufurd as “The Love of God and Affliction,” in Waiting for God (London: Fount, 1977), 67–82. 6. Quoted in John Hellman, Emmanuel Mounier and the New Catholic Left, 1930–1950 (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1981), 135. 7. Léon Bloy, Dans les ténèbres (Paris: Mercure de France, 1918), 104–5. 8. Ibid., 47–49. 9. For use of the term imaginaire and its social and cultural function in French Catholicism, see the essays in the excellent volume edited by Laurence van Ypersele and Anne-Dolorès Marcélis, Rêves de chrétienté, réalités du monde: Imaginaires catholiques (Louvain: Actes du Colloque, 1999). 10. There are several very useful studies on the French Catholic revival in French and English. See, for example, Stephen Schloesser, Jazz Age Catholicism: Mystic Modernism in Postwar Paris, 1919–1933 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005); Philip Nord, “Catholic Culture in Interwar France,” French Politics, Culture and Society 21, no. 3 (Fall 2003): 1–20; Stephen Schloesser, “Mounier and Maritain: A French Catholic Understanding of the Modern World,” Theological Studies 65 (2004): 676–77; Philippe Chenaux, Entre Maurras et Maritain: Une génération intellectuelle catholique, 1920–1930 (Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1999); Étienne Fouilloux, Une église en quête de liberté: La pensée catholique française entre modernisme et Vatican II, 1914–1962 (Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1998); Frédéric Gugelot, La conversion des intellectuels au catholicisme en France, 1885–1935 (Paris: CNRS, 1998); Frédéric Gugelot, “Le temps des convertis: Signe et trace de la modernité religieuse au début du XXe siècle,” Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions 47, no. 119 (July–September 2002): 45–64. 11. Gugelot, “Temps des convertis,” 62–63. 12. I distinguish this cluster of interests from the somewhat related question about the bodily practices that religious devotees pursue that cause physical pain and discomfort, such as fasting and self-flagellation, in order to deepen their experience of God. For a helpful analysis of this topic, see Ariel Glucklich, Sacred Pain: Hurting the Body for the Sake of the Soul (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). 13. For a comparison of these three thinkers’ relation to Judaism and their attraction to Christian mysticism, see Sylvie Courtine-Denamy, “Rejet identitaire et quête de ‘spiritualité’: Raïssa Maritain, Edith Stein, Simone Weil,” in L’Europe et les juifs, ed. Esther Benbassa and Pierre Gisel (Geneva: Labor et Fides, 2002), 141–66. 14. Ivan Strenski, Contesting Sacrifice: Religion, Nationalism, and Social Thought in France (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), 47. Strenski focuses on the theme of sacrifice in French Catholicism, which he in part situates within the doctrine of vicarious suffering. See also Richard D. E. 206 / Notes to Pages 2–4 Notes to Pages 4–7 \ 207 Burton, Holy Tears, Holy Blood: Women, Catholicism, and the Culture of Suffering in France, 1840–1970 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004), 15; Richard Griffiths, The Reactionary Revolution: The Catholic Revival in French Literature (London: Constable, 1966), 167...

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