Abrahamse, Allen, 209, 211 acercamiento (rapprochement) between Mexican Government and expats in the U.S., 185 affirmative action, 394 Alvarez, Michael, 350 American Community Survey (ACS), 438 American G. I. Forum, 66 American immigration policy. See U.S. immigration policy Americanization era, 391, 392, 394 amnesty. See legalization Arizona anti-immigrant sentiment, 331–32 bilingual education, 323, 324, 325 border policy, 329–30 GOP (Republican Party) in, 334 immigration flows, 323, 330, 347 Latino population in, 324, 329, 334, 347, 359n.1 Legislature, 324, 328 Propositions, 322–23, 324, 326 (see also Proposition 200) 2004 election, 332, 354 Arizonans for Real Immigration Reform (ARIR) committee, 349, 353 assimilation role of ethnicity, 49 structural, 49 Baltimore Sun, 384 Basic Naturalization Act of 1906, 312 Behdad, Ali, 363 bilingual education, 217, 218, 219. See also English-only language initiatives measures against, 372, 373 in Mexico, 228–31 bilingualism, economic and social advantages, 78 border patrol. See U.S. Border Patrol borders control of, 2 disappearance of, 1 and globalization, 1–2, 126 “thickening” of, 3 U.S.-Mexican border, 3, 7, 10–11, 301, 330, 331 Bracero program or Bracero Accords (1943 Emergency Farm Labor Program), 8, 54, 55, 302 Brock, Chad, 374–81, 387, 388, 390 bureaucratic discretion, 292–93 effects on policy implementation, 287 i n d e x 480 Index ■ 481 Bush, George W., 331–32, 338 and immigration, 31–32 business sector, effect on immigration policy, 7, 8–9, 288 Butterfield, Tara, 350 Canadian border, 302 capital accumulation, 111. See also social capital Cárdenas, Gilberto, 11. See also disincentive strategies; selfdeportation Castoriadis, 90 Catholic Church, 67 Chavez, Leo, 366 Chicago Area Study (CAS), 115–16 civic engagement of youth, 405, 428 Chicano students. See Mexican American, immigrant students Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 302 Chock, Phyllis, 366 citizenship, global or transnational ideas of, 110–11 civil rights model, 394 Committee on the Affairs of Domini cans Living Abroad, 187 Communities Organized for Public Service (COPS), 226 community-based organizations, 405, 450–51, 463n.16 leadership, 34–35, 439–40, 449, 453–55 —and gender, 448–49, 456 —views on, 447–49 relationship with Mexican consulates, 450–51, 452–53, 454 relationship with U.S. government, 453 role in developing human capital, 428–29 (see also social capital) Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHC), U.S., 182 role in NAFTA, 185 Coutin, Susan, 366 Covering Kids, health outreach program, 272–73 cultural challenge of immigration, 17–18, 142 cultural competency, 268 cultural mourning, 102 culture as a psychological process, 87 Current Population Survey, 153, 158 Delgado, Richard, 389 democracy, and toleration of dissent, 429 demographic change, 3, 13–16 legal permanent residents (LPRs), 15–16 Mexican immigrants in U.S., 435 in New England, 436–39, 461n1 demographic variables, as controls, 137–38 Dentler, Robert A., 217 Denver Post, 377–79, 389 diaspora politics, model for examining transnational political participation, 200 Dillingham Commission, 7 discrimination, perceptions of, 137–38, 141, 444 disincentive strategies, 11. See also Cárdenas, Gilberto; self- deportation Dobbs, Lou, 332 DREAM Act, 35n.1 dual citizenship, 112–13, 132–33, 140–41, 142, 162 adoption in Latin and South America, 187 Dominican Republic, 187 482 ■ Index effect on political participation, 189–90 Mexico, 57, 186 dual nationality. See dual citizenship economics, cause for immigration, 12. See also business sector, effect on immigration policy Edison Media Research, 358, 359 education, role in nation-building, 404 Ehrlich, Robert, 381–87, 390 English fluency and political participation , 141, 171, 456–57 English-only language initiatives, 372, 373 ethnic lobbies, impact on U.S. foreign policy, 184 expatriate political participation in country of origin, “transnationalism from below,” 184 Dominican Republic, 183, 187 impact of U.S. citizenship on, 189 Falbo, Toni, 215 federal poverty level (FPL), and eligibility for subsidized health insurance, 245, 247 Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), 327, 337, 348–49 Federation of Organizations of Mexicans in New England, 451 First Amendment, 387, 388 Fourteenth Amendment, 374 Frau-Ramos, Manuel, 214 free speech, 387–89 and hate speech, 387–88, 389 General Consulate of Mexico in Boston. See community-based organizations, relationship with Mexican consulates Geyer, Georgia, 389–90 globalization, and migration, 1–2, 10 Goddard, Terry, 336 Gonzalez, Gilbert G., 220 Greeley Tribune, 376–81, 387, 389, 393 Greene, Linda, 388 Grijalva, Raul, 329 group conflict theory, 350 Gutierrez, Ana Sol, 382 Gutiérrez, David, 357 Hafner, Anne L., 217 Hamann, Edmund, 218 Hart-Celler Act, 9 health care, culturally innovative interventions, 269, 273–76 community...