"Prohibition Is Here to Stay": The Reverend Edward S. Shumaker and the Dry Crusade in America

Notes

189 Notes Introduction 1. Indianapolis Times, 12 February 1929. 2. Newsweek, 15 November 2004. 3. Richard H. Gemmecke, Sesquicentennial Indiana History Conference , Indiana Division, Indiana State Library, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1966, 28; James H. Madison, Indiana through Tradition and Change: A History of the Hoosier State and Its People, 1920–1945 (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society , 1982), 42–43. The author has not added a hyphen to Anti Saloon in accordance with the Indiana League’s own usage. 4. William A. Link and Arthur S. Link, American Epoch: A History of the United States since 1900, volume 1, War, Reform, and Society, 1900–1945 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993), 211; David E. Kyvig, Repealing National Prohibition (Kent, OH: The Kent State University Press, 2000), xi–xii, 12; Norman H. Clark, Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1976), 9, 144–149; Ballard C. Campbell, “Did Democracy Work? Prohibition in Late Nineteenth-Century Iowa: A Test Case,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 8 (Summer 1977): 87–116; Justin E. Walsh, The Sesquicentennial History of the Indiana General Assembly, 1816–1978 (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1987), 296; Jack S. Blocker, Jr., “Did Prohibition Really Work? Alcohol Prohibition as a Public Health Innovation ,” American Journal of Public Health 96 (February 2006): 233–243. 5. Paul Kleppner, The Cross of Culture: A Social Analysis of Midwestern Politics , 1850–1900 (New York: The Free Press, 1970), 167, 371; Paul Kleppner, Who Voted? The Dynamics of Electoral Turnout, 1870–1980 (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982), 145–147; George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870–1925 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), v; John D. Buenker, Urban Liberalism and Progressive Reform (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973), 186. 6. Alan Brinkley, Liberalism and Its Discontents (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 116–118; John Kobler, Ardent Spirits: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1973); Thomas M. Coffey, The Long Thirst: Prohibition in America, 1920–1933 (New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1976); K. Austin Kerr, Organized for Prohibition: A New History of the Anti-Saloon League (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985), 6–7; Edward Behr, Prohibition: Thirteen Years that Changed America (New York: Arcade Publishing , 1996), 3; Joseph R. Gusfield, Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1986); Richard F. Hamm, Shaping the Eighteenth Amendment: Temperance Reform, Legal Culture, and the Polity, 1880–1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995); Thomas R. Pegram, Battling Demon Rum: The Struggle for a Dry America, 1800–1933 (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1998), xii; Ann-Marie E. Szymanski , Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates, and Social Movement Outcomes (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003). 7. Jack S. Blocker, Jr., American Temperance Movements: Cycles of Reform (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989), xi; Gaines M. Foster, Moral Reconstruction: Christian Lobbyists and the Federal Legislation of Morality, 1865–1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002); Nathan O. Hatch, “The Puzzle of American Methodism,” Church History 63 (June 1994): 175–189. Fundamentalist Christians are another group that has been often ignored or marginalized . See Marsden, Fundamentalism, 141, 187–188, 214. 8. Mark Thornton, The Economics of Prohibition (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1991). 9. Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998); Albert W. Wardin, Jr., Tennessee Baptists: A Comprehensive History, 1779–1999 (Brentwood, TN: Executive Board of the Tennessee Baptist Convention, 1999), 262, 339; Stephen L. Carter, God’s Name in Vain: The Wrongs and Rights of Religion in Politics (New York: Basic Books, 2000); Jeffrey H. Morrison, John Witherspoon and the Founding of the American Republic (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2005). Morrison argues that a desire to ignore the importance of religion in American history, which Rodgers demonstrates in his look at the Progressive Movement, is behind the neglect of Founding Father John Witherspoon. 190 | Notes to Page 4 10. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003), 66, emphasis in the original ; Jon Butler, “Jack-in-the-Box Faith: The Religion Problem in Modern American History,” Journal of American History 90 (March 2004): 1357–1378; James G. Moseley, A Cultural History of Religion in America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press...