Aquinas's Ethics: Metaphysical Foundations, Moral Theory, and Theological Context

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index 237 abilities to act, 6, 119–20 rational, 5, 88 actions, 206n.33 bad, 70, 90–190 deliberate, 71 freedom of, 115–23, 214n.22 good, 9, 90–93, 115 human, 5–9, 13, 15, 36, 39, 62, 69–110, 130, 136, 154–55, 166, 169–72, 175 morally neutral, 88, 90–93 rational, 25–26, 96, 132 actuality, 8, 15–28, 44, 47, 50, 63, 132 pure, 8, 15–20, 50, 59, 192n.16 actualizing, 6, 25–26, 32, 48, 50–51, 57, 65–66, 132, 140, 167, 178 agency divine, 9, 112, 130, 141–49, 153, 166–72, 177 human, 84–89, 92–123, 130, 144–49, 166–72 animals, rational, 4–6, 8, 13, 16, 26, 48, 64, 135, 154, 183, 187 appetites, 133, 138. See also powers rational, 28, 62, 71, 115, 117, 133, 138, 140, 148, 178, 182 sensory, 62, 86, 102–4, 133, 135–36, 178–79, 182, 187 Aristotle agreement with, 3–7, 16, 24, 34, 41, 46, 52, 86, 129, 140, 174–75, 177, 180–84 concept of happiness, 3, 6, 47, 149 contrast to, 3–4, 6–7, 47–48, 144–46, 149–50, 169, 171, 175, 180–81, 187 definition of courage, 185–87 definition of virtue, 132 eudaimonistic ethical structure, 175–76, 178, 180 friendship, 9, 143, 148, 176, 180, 186 function argument for human happiness, 4–7 habituation, 143 happiness, 3–4, 6 human function, 5–6, 47 metaphysics, 5, 33, 167, 178 model of form and matter, 82 moral life, 4, 171 Nichomachean Ethics, 3–6, 145, 164, 166 organizing virtues and vices, 138, 149–50, 176, 185 passions, 146, 175–77, 181–83 reason, 4 “second nature,” 166 species, 16 virtue, 5–6 Augustine definition of courage, 145 definition of fortitude, 182 definition of virtue, 132, 142, 144, 169 New Law, 170 beatific vision, 75–76, 147–48, 157, 205n.18 being, 22, 59, 61–66, 163. See also existence God’s, 19, 22 hierarchy of, 13–27, 29, 31, 46–47, 134, 191n.6 beings created, 6, 15 human, 13, 28–29, 33–38, 43–45, 50–54, 171, 187–89 immaterial, 13–14, 20–24, 29, 42, 46, 50, 193n.27 intellective, 17, 21, 28–29, 50–51 material, 13–14, 20–29, 35, 46, 50 rational, 7, 15, 117, 135, 167, 170, 181–83 teleological, 6, 132 body, 29–45, 70 Boethius, 43 capacities, 16–17. See also powers appetitive, 55, 65, 71, 98, 113, 138 human, 7–9, 40, 48, 51, 53, 60–69, 91, 133, 163–67, 171–72, 187–89 of intellect, 48, 117–23, 133, 137 natural, 16, 25, 63–64, 73, 112, 132 ordering of, 16–21, 38, 57–59 rational, 5–6, 13, 28, 36, 45, 55–63, 70, 76, 83, 88, 103, 112, 115–23, 129, 131–39, 173, 182, 189 sets of, 17, 53 of the soul, 40–45, 47–49, 51, 63–66 causation causal determinism, 123–24 efficient, 120 final, 120 charity, 9, 76, 134, 141–51, 157, 160–64, 168–81, 186, 234n.9 definition of, 149 choice, 6, 74, 77–85, 91, 107, 118–23, 215n.40 circumstances, 92–93 cognition, 7, 17, 31–41, 53, 57, 60, 70, 82, 91, 108, 115–17 composite, 19–20, 26, 33, 36, 38–39 consent, 80–81, 177 consequences, 93–95 contemplation, 3, 76–77, 150 Convertibility Thesis, 24 courage, 136, 144–45, 181–87 Creator, 6–7, 14–15, 20, 26, 48 deliberate wrongdoing. See sin, of will deliberation. See choice; intellect, process of deliberation Descartes, 30, 39 determinists, 123–24 devil/Satan, 98, 105 Dominican Order, 2–3 ends, 92, 115–16, 119, 132–34, 140, 142, 148, 151, 174, 180 practical, 2–3, 140 ultimate, 3–4, 7, 9, 15, 50, 57, 73–89, 91, 95–97, 112, 132–34, 140–46, 149–50, 162–64, 166–68, 171, 177–78, 187, 205.n.13 essence, 22–25, 49, 64, 78 ethics, practical goal of, 3 evil, 64, 105, 135–36 excellence, 5–7, 132 238 Index existence, 23–26, 44, 59, 61–63 actualized, 19 participated, 16 first cause, 14, 60, 63 first mover, 74 fittingness, 77 flourishing, 142 failure of, 7, 65 human, 2, 4, 8–9, 13, 15, 46, 48, 57, 62–63, 91, 124, 132–35, 140–41, 145, 149, 168, 188–89 form, 8...