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inde x 453 Aberle, Juan, 217–18 Abullarde, Jorge, 259 Acemoglu, Daron, 18, 23. See also Robinson, James Aguilar, Eugenio, 81–82. See also­ Palacios, Fermín Aguirre, Osmín, 253, 258 Alegría: as a case study of local politics, 74–75 Alfaro, Prudencio: and the revolt against Figueroa in 1907, 158; and the vice presidential election of 1895, 36–43 Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA), 352 Alvarenga Venutolo, Ana Patricia, 108; and evidence of clashes over municipal autonomy, 169 Ama, José Feliciano, 300; as an ally of Gómez Zárate in 1930, 198; as an ally of the Communist Party, 198; as a possible Liga Roja chief, 197–98 Anaya, Jorge Fernández, 302–4 Andino, Manuel: and opposition to Pío Romero Bosque, 213–14, 240 Aquino, Anastasio, 110, 339 Araujo, Arturo, 1, 3; and his overthrow in 1931, 249–51; and land reform rumors during 1931 campaign, 240–41; as the opposition candidate in 1919, 184–86; as a presidential candidate in the 1931 election, 239–44 Archivo General de la Nación (AGN), 9–10 Asociación Cafetalera (Coffee Growers’ Association), 308; and its opposition to the Martínez government in 1939, 332–33 Asociación de Beneficiadores y Exportadores de Café (Abecafé), 353 Asociación General de Estudiantes Salvadoreños (AGEUS), 276 authoritarianism: defined, 18 Ayala, Prudencia, 410n.108 Balibrera, Hipólito, Colonel: as a case study of a political military officer in Jucuapa, 119–20 Barahona, Rosendo “Chajazo,” 203 Barrios, Gerardo: as a case study of nineteenth-century politics, 84–89 Barrios, Justo Rufino: and the invasion of El Salvador in 1876, 90 Bautista, Ramón: and local politics in Alegría, 74–75 Bhaños, Rodolfo, 277 Bolaños, M. A., 308 Bolívar, Simón, 44 Brito, Rodolfo, 128–31, 269, 272; as a local head of the Liga Roja, 197 Britos: as a politically-active ladino family in Nahuizalco, 127–31, 272 454 Index cabacera. See departments cabildo: as the site of voting in municipalities , 51 Cádiz Constitution (1812), 45–46 Caffery, Jefferson: as special envoy to El Salvador in 1931/2, 252 Calderón, José Tomás, General, 233, 318 Calderón, Julio César, Colonel, 278, 308 Cámara de Comerciantes en Pequeño, 331–33 Campo, Rafael: as a case study of­ nineteenth-century politics, 65, 84–89 Carrera, Rafael: and the invasion of El Salvador in 1864, 87–88 Cartilla del ciudadano, 50 Castaneda Castro, Salvador, 233, 253, 324; as a suspected plotter against Martínez, 261, 277 Castellanos, José Arturo, 277–78 Catecismo repúblicano para instrucción popular, 49 Cédula Patriótica, 313–14 Christmas Day Massacre (1922), 202–3 círculo: defined, 60 Civic Guard. See Guardia Cívica Claramount Lucero, Antonio, 224, 233; and the 1931 municipal elections, 255; as a candidate in the 1931 presidential election, 239–44; and relations with the Martínez government , 260 clientelism, 102–11, 336–39 Club Melendista, 176–80 coffee: El Salvador’s distinct production, 15; impact of the Great Depression , 248–49; production levels in nineteenth century, 154–55; as the replacement of indigo, 12 Coffee Growers’ Association. See Asociación Cafetalera cofradía: defined, 121; and the uprising of 1932, 300, 321, 328 Comintern Archive, 10, 297–304, 310 communism: as it relates to the events of 1932, 290–305 communist causality, 294–304 Communist Party of El Salvador. See Partido Comunista Salvadoreño (PCS) community of discourse, 11 comunidades, 121–23 Conservatives (Nicaragua), 342–43 consolidation candidates, 223–34 Constitution of 1824 (United Provinces of Central America), 45–47 Constitution of 1841 (El Salvador), 47–48, 66, 340 Constitution of 1864 (El Salvador), 48, 50 Constitution of 1872 (El Salvador), 48 Constitution of 1886 (Colombia), 48 Constitution of 1886 (El Salvador), 48, 60 Constitution of 1950 (El Salvador): and the secret ballot, 50, 347 Córdova, Enrique, 233; as a candidate in the 1931 presidential election, 239–44; and relations with the Martínez government, 254 Cristiani, Alfredo, 353 Cruz, Consuelo: and the definition of political culture, 28–30, 355–56 Cuellar, Santo, 80 Cuisnahuat: as a case study of ethnic politics, 131–37 Dalton, Roque, 289, 296–98, 304 D’Aubuisson, Roberto, 352–53 Index 455 debt: and its use to secure labor in the nineteenth century, 105–6 democracy: defined, 18, 374n.14; as defined by President Martínez in the 1940s, 280–86 departments: as the administrative and political subunits of El Salvador, 52; and the politics...

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