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Contents List of Tables ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 P A R T O N E Diocesan Catechisms in Seventeenthand Eighteenth-Century France The Science of Salvation: Catechisms and Catholic Reform 23 The Catechetical Method: Theory and Practice 58 P A R T T W O Primary Education in Auxerre, Châlons-sur-Marne, and Reims The Curé and the Catechism: The Birth of a Childhood Ritual 101 The Village Schoolmaster: Another Agent of the Catholic Reformation 136 Boys and Girls at School: The Growth of the Petites Écoles 172 Learning to Read, Write, and Recite: The Petites Écoles and the Catholic Reformation 198 Conclusion 227 Notes 233 Bibliography 271 Index 309 viii Contents [54.172.162.78] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 07:15 GMT) Tables 3.1 Social Origins of the Parish Clergy in Reims, 1774 107 3.2 Curés with a University Education in Reims, 1774 111 4.1 Length of Service for Schoolmasters in the Deaneries of Cernay-en-Dormois and Vesle 164 5.1 Number of Parishes in Châlons-sur-Marne and Reims with Schools, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 177 5.2 Number of Parishes in Auxerre with Schools, Eighteenth Century 181 5.3 Number of Parishes with Sex-Segregated Schools, Eighteenth Century 186 5.4 School Attendance in the Deanery of Bétheniville, 1773–1774 192 5.5 School Attendance in Reims by Deanery, 1773–1774 193 6.1 Percentage of Men Able to Sign an acte de mariage 203 6.2 Percentage of Women Able to Sign an acte de mariage 204 6.3 Comparison of Male and Female Signature Rates (by Percentage) 207 6.4 Male and Female Students Attending Schools in Reims, 1774 208 ix [54.172.162.78] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 07:15 GMT) Acknowledgments i Financial support for my research was provided by the Cultural Services Division of the French Embassy in Washington, D.C., in the form of a Chateaubriand fellowship for the 2003–2004 academic year. I owe a great debt to the staff of the departmental archives in Auxerre, Reims, and Châlons-en-Champagne, for their patience with a green American researcher. I may have gotten a lot of inquisitive looks, but my questions were always answered with professionalism and kindness. I must also thank the Georgetown University Department of History for a Davis fellowship in 2005–2006, which gave me a free semester to write, and the College of Family, Home and Social Sciences at Brigham Young University for a research grant that xi allowed one last trip to the archives. Previous versions of some portions of the book have appeared in French Historical Studies (published by Duke University Press) and the Catholic Historical Review (published by the Catholic University of America Press); I thank those institutions for granting me permission to draw upon this material again here. I am also grateful to the two anonymous readers who read the manuscript and provided many useful suggestions, as well as to the editorial staff at the University of Notre Dame Press for indispensable help in putting the final version of the book together. I began working on the topic of catechisms and education twelve years ago, so my debts are many. At Georgetown, special thanks must go to my mentor, Jim Collins. He may have been baffled by my lack of interest in French wines—perhaps an unforgivable failing for a French historian—but his support for my work never suffered for it. Amy Leonard’s considerable efforts on my behalf are also much appreciated. Other friends, colleagues, and faculty members who lent support during my Georgetown years include Roxie France-Nuriddin, Alison Games, Doris Goldstein, Harriet Gray, Deborah Hirschi, John McNeill, Jo Ann Moran Cruz, Anita Nolen, Felicia Roşu, and Richard Stites. I also thank Keith Luria, of North Carolina State, for his insightful comments and suggestions during the dissertation phase of this project. My colleagues at Brigham Young have become tremendous friends, and I cannot thank them enough for their personal and academic support . My greatest debt is to Craig Harline, who suggested that I study catechisms in the first place; without his support over the last twelve years, this project would never have reached completion. Lunches with Craig, Kendall Brown, Eric Dursteler, Don Harreld, Chris Hodson, Shawn Miller, Susan Rugh, and other “lunch van” regulars sustained me through the writing process and provided much-needed diversions. Rebecca de Schweinitz, Amy Harris, Aaron Skabelund, and...