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Notes Foreword 1. Brian Donahue, Reclaiming the Commons: Community Farms and Forests in a New England Town (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), 51. 2. Stewart Brand, The Media Lab: Inventing the Future at MIT (New York: Viking Press, 1987), 202. 3. Nil Disco and Eda Kranakis, Cosmopolitan Commons: Sharing Resources and Risks across Borders (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2013), 2. 4. Garrett Hardin,“The Tragedy of the Commons,” Science 162 (December 13, 1968): 1243–1248, in Managing the Commons, ed. John Baden and Garrett Hardin (San Francisco: Freeman, 1977). 5. Although Hardin’s theoretical interpretation of the commons was wholly abstract, Elinor Ostrom’s work stresses real-world, historical examples. 6. Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). 7. Wall, Culture, Conflict, and Ecology, 42. 1 Commons Ecology 1. E. P. Thompson, Customs in Common (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991), 126. 138 Notes to Chapter 1 2. The Gypsies, “The Yetholm Gypsies,” last modified 2004, accessed January 4, 2013, http://www.scottishgypsies.co.uk/yetholm.html. 3. Christopher Rodgers, Margherita Pieraccini, Eleanor A. Straughton , and Angus Winchester, Contested Common Land: Environmental Governance Past and Present (London: Earthscan, 2010), 28. 4. Timothy Morton, Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007), 162. 5. Jay Walljasper, “A New Way of Seeing the World: Protecting the Rights of Nature Depends on Understanding the Commons,” On the Commons, last modified June 27, 2011, accessed January 4, 2013, http://www.onthecommons.org/magazine/new-way-seeing-world. 6. Massimo De Angelis and Stavros Stavrides, “On the Commons: A Public Interview with Massimo De Angelis and Stavros Stavrides,” E-flux17 (June 2010): 1. 7. Jeremy Waldron, The Right to Private Property (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), 31. 8. H. Franz Schurmann, “Traditional Property Concepts in China,” Far Eastern Quarterly 15(4) (1956): 507. 9. Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 30. 10. Rodgers et al., Contested Common Land, 1. 11. Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (London: Yale University Press, 2006), 60–61. 12. Ibid., 61. 13. William Hunter, A Systematic and Historical Exposition of Roman Law in the Order of a Code (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1803), 399. 14. Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 3 (New York: International, 1976), 776. 15. Geoffrey Young, The Country Eye: A Walker’s Guide to Britain’s Traditional Countryside (London: George Philip, 1991), 90. 16. Rodgers et al., Contested Common Land, 36. 17. Stefan Brakensiek,“The Management of Common Land in North Western Germany,” in The Management of Common Land in North [54.226.242.26] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 12:23 GMT) Notes to Chapter 1 139 West Europe, c. 1500–1850, ed. Martina de Moor, Leigh Shaw-Taylor , and Paul Warde (Turnhout: Brepols, 2002), 225. 18. Carol M. Rose, “Romans, Roads, and Romantic Creators: Traditions of Public Property in the Information Age,” Law and Contemporary Problems 66(1–2) (2003): 89–110. 19. Joel Kovel, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World? (London: Zed Books, 2007), 268. 20. Henry Maine, Ancient Law (London: Murray, 1876), 259. 21. William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983). 22. Minoti Chakravarty-Kaul, Common Lands and Customary Law: Institutional Change in North India over the Past Two Centuries (Delhi : Oxford University Press, 1996). 23. Martina de Moor, Leigh Shaw-Taylor, and Paul Warde, eds., The Management of Common Land in North West Europe, c. 1500–1850 (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002). 24. Maria Fernandez-Gimenez, “Land Use and Land Tenure in Mongolia : A Brief History and Current Issues,” in Rangelands of Central Asia: Proceedings of the Conference on Transformations, Issues, and Future Challenges, ed. Donald Bedunah, E. Durant McArthur, and Maria Fernandez-Gimenez (Fort Collins, Colo.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006). 25. Dawn Chatty, “Environmentalism in the Syrian Badia: The Assumption of Degradation, Protection and Bedouin Misuse,” in Ethnographies of Conservation: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Privilege, ed. David Anderson and Eeva Berglund (New York: Berghahn Books, 2003), 87–100. 26. Benkler, The Wealth of Networks. 27. Rodgers et al., Contested Commons. 28. Pranab Bardhan and Isha Ray, Contested Commons: Conversations between Economists and Anthropologists (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008). 29. Jimmy Wales, “Wales on Wikipedia,” Econtalk, last modified 2009, accessed January 4, 2013, http://www.econtalk.org/ archives...