Moral Psychology: Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Contents

Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Walter Sinnott-Armstrong 1 Is Free Will an Illusion? Confronting Challenges from the Modern Mind Sciences 1 Eddy Nahmias 1.1 Free Will Skepticism and Bypassing 27 Gunnar Björnsson and Derk Pereboom 1.2 A Neuroscientific Account of the Human Will 37 Erman Misirlisoy and Patrick Haggard 1.3 Response to Misirlisoy and Haggard and to Björnsson and Pereboom 43 Eddy Nahmias 2 Mental Life and Responsibility in Real Time with a Determined Brain 59 Michael S. Gazzaniga 2.1 Seduced by Tradition 75 Daniel C. Dennett 2.2 Neuroscience, Explanation, and the Problem of Free Will 81 William T. Newsome 2.3 Response 97 Michael S. Gazzaniga 3 Can Neuroscience Resolve Issues about Free Will? 103 Adina L. Roskies viii Contents 3.1 Free Will, Mechanism, and Determinism: Comments on Roskies, “Can Neuroscience Resolve Issues about Free Will?” 127 Robert Kane 3.2 Comments on Adina Roskies, “Can Neuroscience Resolve Issues about Free Will?” 139 Michael N. Shadlen 3.3 Response to Commentators 151 Adina L. Roskies 4 The Neural Code for Intentions in the Human Brain: Implications for Neurotechnology and Free Will 157 John-Dylan Haynes 4.1 Neural Decoding and Human Freedom 177 Tim Bayne 4.2 Short-Term and Long-Term Intentions in Psychological Theory, Neurotechnology, and Free Will 183 Timothy Schroeder 4.3 Reply to Schroeder and Bayne 191 John-Dylan Haynes 5 Free Will and Substance Dualism: The Real Scientific Threat to Free Will? 195 Alfred R. Mele 5.1 Dualism, Libertarianism, and Scientific Skepticism about Free Will 209 Thomas Nadelhoffer 5.2 Reconsidering Scientific Threats to Free Will 217 Manuel Vargas 5.3 Reply to Nadelhoffer and Vargas 227 Alfred R. Mele 6 Constructing a Scientific Theory of Free Will 235 Roy F. Baumeister 6.1 Hold Off on the Definitions: Comments on Baumeister 257 Richard Holton Contents ix 6.2 Free Will Worth Having and the Intentional Control of Behavior 265 B. Keith Payne and C. Daryl Cameron 6.3 Grateful Responses to Thoughtful Comments by Holton, Payne, and Cameron 271 Roy F. Baumeister 7 The Freedom to Choose and Drug Addiction 279 P. Read Montague 7.1 Dopamine Dysfunction and Addict Responsibility: A Comment on Read Montague’s “The Freedom to Choose and Drug Addiction” 287 Gideon Yaffe 7.2 The Second Hit in Addiction 295 Chandra Sripada 7.3 Responses to Yaffe and Sripada 305 P. Read Montague 8 Agency and Control: The Subcortical Role in Good Decisions 309 Patricia S. Churchland and Christopher L. Suhler 8.1 Rules, Rewards, and Responsibility: A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Action Control 327 Christopher G. Coutlee and Scott A. Huettel 8.2 Consciousness Matters 335 Neil Levy 8.3 Responses 341 Patricia S. Churchland and Christopher L. Suhler 9 Evolutionary Insights into the Nature of Choice: Evidence from Nonhuman Primates 347 Ellen E. Furlong and Laurie R. Santos 9.1 Is Human Free Will Prisoner to Primate, Ape, and Hominin Preferences and Biases? 361 Brian Hare 9.2 Furlong and Santos on Desire and Choice 367 Christian B. Miller x Contents 9.3 Response to Miller and Hare 375 Ellen E. Furlong and Laurie R. Santos 10 A Social Perspective on Debates about Free Will 381 Victoria K. Lee and Lasana T. Harris 10.1 Social Groups: Both Our Destruction and Our Salvation? 397 Hanah A. Chapman and William A. Cunningham 10.2 Social Explanations and the Free Will Problem 403 Manuel Vargas 10.3 Extreme Group Membership Frames the Debate 413 Victoria K. Lee and Lasana T. Harris References 419 Contributors 459 Index 461 ...