Hybrid Nature: Sewage Treatment and the Contradictions of the Industrial Ecosystem

Index

Abbott, Andrew, 100, 103 “ABC of Turf Culture, The” (Noer), 152 ABC process Native Guano Company and, 131–139 patent of, 131 sewage treatment and, 62, 129–139 Sillar and, 131, 135, 156–157 Able, F. A., 87, 123 Acetic acid, xviii, 216 Acetone, xviii, 32, 68, 75–76, 158, 207, 212 Acremonium chrysogenum, xviii Activated sludge, 221 aeration and, 31–32 alcohol and, 95 artificial substitutes for, 41–42 bacteria workers and, 83 as biosolids, 172 biotech and, 206–208, 216, 219 biozeolitic theory of purification and, 42–43 BOD test and, 111–112, 115 Clark and, 30–34 contradictions of, xxvii–xxx, 167–168, 173, 176–179, 182–183, 194, 198, 200–204 craft vs. science issues and, 83, 86, 88, 90, 93–98, 105, 109, 111–116, 119–121 development of, xxvi, 30–34 ecosystem creation and, 34–38 equilibrium index and, 80–81 fertilizer and, 125, 141–176 Fowler and, 30–37, 42, 51–60, 64–69, 72, 74–75, 77, 90, 96, 101, 103, 140–141, 157, 204 industrial ecosystem and, 38–44 (see also Industrial ecosystem) iron organism and, 30 living machine and, 224, 228 as living system, 95–98 M.7 bacteria and, 30–34, 67, 75 measurement issues and, 111–112 Milorganite and, 146–176, 192–193 Mumford and, 30–33, 75 natural vs. artificial character of, 3–4, 30–43 operator role and, 83–86, 90–124 patents and, 51–59, 64–69, 72–75, 80–82 profit vs. purification issues and, 125, 140– 151, 158–166 public vs. private issues and, 51–59, 64–69, 72–75, 80–82 Simmer modification and, 39–43 sludge bulking and, 95–97, 121 temperamental nature of, 93–94 temperature and, 86–87, 90, 96–98, 115, 119 Activated Sludge Inc., 51–57, 206–208, 228, 251–252n101 Activated Sludge Ltd., 55–56, 75 Aeolosoma hamprichi, 37 Aeration circumvention of nature and, 54 craft vs. science and, 83, 94, 97–98, 112– 116, 180 energy needed for, 193 natural vs. artificial character and, 11, 15, 21, 25, 29–34, 40 treatment contradictions and, 180, 193, 198, 200–201, 204 Index 314 Index Aerobic bacteria, xxvi, 14, 37, 74 Aerobic oxidation, 73–74, 210 Agriculture common heritage and, 213–214 CP4 gene and, 217, 219 ethnobotanists and, 216 experience and, 91–92 fertilizers and, 6 (see also Fertilizer) genetically modified crops and, 217–219 glyphosate and, 216–219 guano and, 126–139, 142, 152, 156–157, 164, 188 herbicides and, 154–155, 175, 216–219, 229 International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) and, 214–215 land treatment and, 5–7 Milorganite and, 146–176, 192–193 Monsanto and, 215–218 public vs. private issues and, 213–214 USDA and, 170, 219 weed control and, 151, 154–156, 175, 217 Agrobacterium, 217 Agrostis gigantea, 219 Agrostis stolonifera, 219 Akra-Solite, 162 Alcohol breweries and, xvii, 4, 11, 29–30, 39, 85, 89, 91, 98, 117–118, 176, 201 butyl, xviii, 32, 75–77, 84, 158, 207, 212 effects on sewage, 95 isopropyl and, 77, 79 Prohibition Era and, 95 sugar and, 95–96 Alexander M. McIver & Son, 149 Algae, 38, 176, 195, 202, 215 ALS, 170–171, 276n13 Alsea Valley Alliance, 227 Alvord, John, 89–90, 144 American Cyanamid, 156 American Public Health Association, 115, 163 American Society of Civil Engineers, 48, 55, 58, 81 American Society of Mechanical Engineers , 61 American Society of Municipal Engineers, 61 American Society of Municipal Improvements , 60–61 Amino acids, xviii, 158, 216 Ammonia, xxvi basic chemistry and, 109 health parameters and, 111 Milorganite and, 149 Native Guano Company and, 157 nitrification and, 8, 32–38, 74, 203, 216 patent issues and, 63, 135 Anaerobic bacteria, 13, 26, 48, 50, 79, 222 Anderson, George, 97, 135 Angell, Lewis, 60, 100 Annelid worm, 37 Antibiotics, xviii, 207, 210, 229 Anti-vivisectionists, 28 Antony Gibbs & Sons, 129–130 AquaBounty Technologies, 229 AquAdvantage, 229 Ardern, Edward, xxvi activated sludge and, 32, 36, 40, 51, 55–56, 140 Armour Fertilizer Company, 153 craft vs. science and, 119, 177 Fowler and, 32 nitrogen recovery and, 140 papers of, 34, 51, 66–69, 94, 144 patent issues and, 56 Ashfield Solar Aquatic System, 198–199 Asphalt Trust, 61, 64 Association for the Defense of Septic Process Suits, 56, 72 Association of Managers of Sewage Disposal Works (AMSDW), 21, 81, 99–107 Association of Municipal and Sanitary Engineers and Surveyors, 107, 138 AT&T, 53 Automatic control, 183–186, 190, 212 Bacillus coli...