Trading Zones and Interactional Expertise: Creating New Kinds of Collaboration

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY TRADING ZONES AND INTERACTIONAL EXPERTISE CREATING NEW KINDS OF COLLABORATION edited by Michael E. Gorman Cross-disciplinary collaboration increasingly characterizes today’s science and engineering research. The problems and opportunities facing society do not come neatly sorted by discipline. Difficulties arise when researchers from disciplines as different as engineering and the humanities work together and find that they speak largely different languages. This book explores a new framework for fostering collaborations among existing disciplines and expertise communities. The framework unites two ideas that have emerged from recent work in STS: trading zones, in which scientific subcultures, each with its own language, develop the equivalents of pidgin and creole; and interactional expertise, in which experts learn to use the language of another research community in ways that are indistinguishable from expert practitioners of that community. A trading zone can gradually become a new area of expertise, facilitated by interactional expertise and involving negotiations over boundary objects (objects represented in different ways by different participants). The volume describes applications of the framework to service science, business strategy, environmental management, education, and practical ethics. One detailed case study focuses on attempts to create trading zones that would help prevent marine bycatch; another investigates trading zones formed to market the female condom to women in Africa; another describes how humanists embedded in a nanotechnology laboratory gained interactional expertise, resulting in improved research results for both humanists and nanoscientists. CONTRIBUTORS: Brad Allenby, Donna T. Chen, Harry Collins, Robert Evans, Erik Fisher, Peter Galison, Michael E. Gorman, Lynn Isabella, Lekelia D. Jenkins, Mary Ann Leeper, Roop L. Mahajan, Matthew M. Mehalik, Ann E. Mills, Bolko von Oetinger, Elizabeth Powell, Mary V. Rorty, Jeff Shrager, Jim Spohrer, Patricia H. Werhane MICHAEL E. GORMAN is Professor in the Department of Science, Technology, and Society at the University of Virginia. He is the author of Simulating Science and Transforming Nature. Inside Technology series AND INTERACTIONAL EXPERTISE CREATING NEW KINDS OF COLLABORATION EDITED BY MICHAEL E. GORMAN THE MIT PRESS Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 http://mitpress.mit.edu 978-0-262-51483-5 TRADING ZONES Cover image, bottom circle: Loggerhead turtle escaping a net equipped with a turtle excluder device (TED). NOAA. TRADING ZONES AND INTERACTIONAL EXPERTISE THE MIT PRESS Inside Technology series THE MIT PRESS GORMAN, editor ...