Dark Medicine: Rationalizing Unethical Medical Research

CONTENTS

Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction: The Knowledge Tree and Its Double Fruit 1 William R. LaFleur PA RT ON E the gruesome past and lessons not yet learned 1. Rationalizing Unethical Medical Research: Taking Seriously the Case of Viktor von Weizsäcker 15 Gernot Böhme 2. Medical Research, Morality, and History: The German Journal Ethik and the Limits of Human Experimentation 30 Andreas Frewer 3. Experimentation on Humans and Informed Consent: How We Arrived Where We Are 46 Rolf Winau 4. The Silence of the Scholars 57 Benno Müller-Hill 5. The Ethics of Evil: The Challenge and the Lessons of Nazi Medical Experiments 63 Arthur L. Caplan 6. Unit 731 and the Human Skulls Discovered in 1989: Physicians Carrying Out Organized Crimes 73 Kei-ichi Tsuneishi 7. Biohazard: Unit 731 in Postwar Japanese Politics of National “Forgetfulness” 85 Frederick R. Dickinson 8. Biological Weapons: The United States and the Korean War 105 G. Cameron Hurst III 9. Experimental Injury: Wound Ballistics and Aviation Medicine in Mid-century America 121 Susan Lindee 10. Stumbling Toward Bioethics: Human Experiments Policy and the Early Cold War 138 Jonathan D. Moreno PA RT T WO the conflicted present and the worrisome future 11. Toward an Ethics of Iatrogenesis 149 Renée C. Fox 12. Strategies for Survival versus Accepting Impermanence: Rationalizing Brain Death and Organ Transplantation Today 165 Tetsuo Yamaori 13. The Age of a “Revolutionized Human Body” and the Right to Die 180 Yoshihiko Komatsu 14. Why We Must Be Prudent in Research Using Human Embryos: Differing Views of Human Dignity 201 Susumu Shimazono 15. Eugenics, Reproductive Technologies, and the Feminist Dilemma in Japan 223 Miho Ogino 16. Refusing Utopia’s Bait: Research, Rationalizations, and Hans Jonas 233 William R. LaFleur List of Contributors 247 Index 253 viii Contents ...