Private Politics and Public Voices: Black Women's Activism from World War I to the New Deal

Index

Index Adair, Christa, 135 The Advertiser, 139 African Americans: consequences of World War I for, 6–7, 31, 47–48, 63–65, 159–160; gender relations among, 6–8, 113–114; literature and prose by, 18–19; migration to urban areas, 27–28, 110; political offices and appointments held by, 137, 150–153, 158–159; stereotypes by and about, 5, 144–146; the suffrage movement and, 7, 9, 52, 126, 138–144; violence against, 24, 28–29, 108–113. See also Middle-class African Americans; Working-class African Americans Aime, Mrs., 63 Alabama, 48–49, 62, 128 A.M.E. Church Review, 36, 40 American Journal of Nursing, 71 American Red Cross, the, 31, 35, 47, 49, 51, 155; African American nurses and, 67–72; and the influenza pandemic of 1918, 71; Negro, 58; racial discrimination by, 55, 66, 68–71, 87; recruitment of nurses by, 67–68; WCCS and, 57 Anti-Lynching Crusaders (ALC): black women ’s club movement and, 124–128; and the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, 122–124, 129–130, 131–132; European interest in, 128–129; founding of, 122–123; group meetings, 124–126; Ida B. Wells-Barnett criticism of, 129–131; and the NAACP, 122–124, 126–127, 130; public relations activities, 124; religion and, 124–125; white women’s groups and, 126–128 Arkansas, 121, 151 Arkansas Race Riot, 121 Atlanta Constitution, 22 Atlanta Independent, 152 Baker, Newton D., 11, 72–73 Ballard, Emma, 24–25 Ballou, C. C., 98 Bay, Mia, 112, 120 Beaumont Journal, 53 Beckett, Harriet, 20 Belcher, Mary, 74 Bennett, Ruth, 15 Bethune, Albertus, 155 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 39, 133, 155–159 Bethune-Cookman College, 155 Birmingham Reporter, 138 Black Cross, the, 121 Black women’s club movement, the: and the ALC, 124–128; disappointment at the end of World War I, 63–65; early successes of, 1–3; Jim Crow laws and, 14–15; in the New Deal era, 155–159; New Negro Movement and, 115–116, 150; political power of, 136–138; and the Republican Party, 136–138, 153–154; shift in focus from home to public work, 3–10; unraveling of, 132–135; and voting clubs, 147–150; and the YWCA, 74. See also African Americans Blair, Emily Newell, 40 Blanton, J. E., 105 Bond, Caroline S., 38, 40 Booster clubs, black patriotic, 16–19 Booze, Mary, 153 Bosfield, Jane, 21–22 Boston Traveler and Evening Herald, 21–22 Boulding, Sue, 71 Bowen, Anthony, 86 Bowing, Stacy, 61 Bowles, Eva: education of, 75; and the Hostess Houses, 75–76, 82; as national secretary of the YWCA, 72–74, 80, 82 Breen, William J., 33, 55 Bridgeport Herald, 151 Brooklyn Eagle, 76 Brophy, Alfred, 121 Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 82, 156 Brown, Hallie Q., 13, 158; NACW and, 133, 134; National League of Republican Colored Women and, 153; and the New Negro Movement, 117, 120; and Warren Harding, 137 Brown, Will, 111 Browne, Ethel, 68–69 Bruce, Beverly K., 39 Bullock, Matthew, 93, 94 Burroughs, Nannie H., 16, 132 Camp Fire Girls, 89 Camp Upton Hostess House, 76, 78–79 Cannady, E. D., 11 Cannady, George Edward, 17–18 Capper, Arthur, 134 Cardwell, W. E., 139 Carry, S. H., 10 Caruso, Enrico, 28 Cary, Alice Dugged, 51 Cass, Melnea, 12 Catt, Carrie Chapman, 40 Chicago Commission on Race Relations, 109 Chicago Defender, 20, 22, 112 Chicago Herald-Examiner, 112 Chicago riots, 112–113 Chicago Tribune, 112 Christian Recorder, 52 Circle for Negro War Relief, 26, 28, 35, 36–40, 67 Civic Club of Wilkes-Barre, 11 Cleveland Advocate, 6, 142 Cole, Aileen, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71–72 College Alumnae Club, 25 Colored American, 89 Colored Domestic Union of New Orleans, 44–45 Colored Ladies Circle of Portland, Ore., 11 A Colored Woman in a White World, 63 Colored Woman’s Suffrage Club of Baltimore , 148 Committee for Interracial Cooperation (CIC), 128 Committee on Woman’s Defense Work, 31–32, 35–36; in Alabama, 48–49; Alice Dunbar-Nelson and, 40–45; disbandment of, 54; domestic workers and, 44–46; in Florida, 49–50; lessons learned from, 63–65; in Louisiana, 43–45; in Mississippi, 47–48; in Tennessee , 53–54 Communism, 44, 45, 108 Cook, Blanche Van, 150 Coolidge, Calvin, 136, 138, 145, 153 Cooper, William Knowles, 94 Council of National Defense (CND), 16, 29, 31, 40, 47, 50–51 The Crisis, 4, 24, 40, 89, 108, 111, 141 Curtis, Helen, 74, 86; education of, 88–89; in France, 84, 88, 90–92, 93, 104; returns to the...