Profits before People?: Ethical Standards and the Marketing of Prescription Drugs

Notes

Notes INTRODUCTION 1. “e Drug Industry: An Overdose of Bad News,” e Economist 374, no. 8418 (19 March 2005): 73. 2. “e Drug Industry: An Overdose of Bad News,” 73. 3. Kaiser Family Foundation, “Americans Value the Health Benefits of Prescription Drugs, but Say Drug Makers Put Profits First, New Survey Shows,” news release, 25 February 2005, . 4. John Abramson, Overdosed America: e Broken Promise of American Medicine (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 26. 5. “Conflicts of Interest on COX-2 Panel,” news release, Center for Science in the Public Interest, 25 February 2005, . 6. Gardiner Harris and Alex Berenson, “10 Voters on Panel Backing Pain Pills Had Industry Ties,” e New York Times, 25 February 2005, . 7. Among those that appeared between the middle of 2003 till the end of 2004 are the following: Abramson, Overdosed America; Marcia Angell, e Truth About the Drug Companies: How ey Deceive Us andWhat to Do About It (New York: Random House, 2004); Jerry Avorn, Powerful Medicines: e Benefits , Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004); Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele, Critical Condition: How Health Care in America Became Big Business—and Bad Medicine (New York: Doubleday, 2004); Merrill Goozner, e $800 Million Pill: e Truth Behind the Cost of New Drugs (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004); Katherine Greider, e Big Fix: How the Pharmaceutical Industry Rips Off American Consumers (New York: Public Affairs, 2003); David Healy, Let em Eat Prozac: e Un- 186 Notes to pages xx–xx Notes to pages 5–24 healthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression (New York: New York University Press, 2004); Jerome P. Kassirer, On the Take: How Medicine’s Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); Sheldon Krimsky, Science in the Private Interest: Has the Lure of Profits Corrupted Biomedical Research? (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003). 8. Lynn Sharp Paine, “Children as Consumers: An Ethical Evaluation of Children’s Television Advertising,” in Business Ethics for the 21st Century, ed. David M. Adams and Edward W. Maine (Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1998), 388. 9. To the best of this author’s knowledge as of March 2005. 10. David Blumenthal, “Doctors and Drug Companies,” e New England Journal of Medicine 351, no. 18 (28 October 2004): 1889. 11. Angell, xviii. 1. ETHICS AND FOR-PROFIT BUSINESS 1. Jay S. Cohen, Over Dose: e Case Against the Drug Companies (New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 2001), 36. 2. Peter Jennings, Bitter Medicine: Pills, Profit and the Public Health, American Broadcasting Corp., 29 May 2002. 3. W. Michael Hoffman, “Business and Environmental Ethics,” in Business Ethics for the 21st Century, ed. David M. Adams and Edward W. Maine (Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1998), 493. 4. Kenneth Mason, quoted by Joel Makower, Beyond the Bottom Line (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 31–32. 5. Ira Jackson and Jane Nelson, “Profit with Principles,” Currency, 2003, (22 June 2004). 6. Principles of Stakeholder Management (Toronto: Clarkson Centre for Business Ethics, 1999), 2. 7. Hoffman, 497. 8. Lynn Sharp Paine, “Children as Consumers: An Ethical Evaluation of Children’s Television Advertising,” in Business Ethics for the 21st Century, ed. David M. Adams and Edward W. Maine (Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1998), 388. 9. Cohen, 36. 2. THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND ITS STAKEHOLDERS 1. Arnold S. Relman and Marcia Angell, “America’s Other Drug Problem,” e New Republic (16 December 2002): 27. 2. O. C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, and Linda Ferrell, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, 6th ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005), 27. 187 Notes to pages xx–xx Notes to pages 24–41 3. Principles of Stakeholder Management (Toronto: Clarkson Centre for Business Ethics, 1999), v. 4. Principles of Stakeholder Management, 4. 5. Principles of Stakeholder Management, 2. 6. Pfizer, (9 November 2004). 7. Merck, “Mission Statement,” (9 November 2004). 8. PhRMA, “Who We Are,” (9 November 2004). 9. Relman and Angell, 27. 10. Relman and Angell, 27. 3. DRUG COMPANIES AND HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 1. David Blumenthal, “Doctors and Drug Companies,” e New England Journal of Medicine 351, no. 18 (28 October 2004): 1885. 2. While I frequently use the terms “physicians” and “doctors” for shorthand purposes, they are intended to include other healthcare professionals, whenever other professionals are also involved in the kinds of relationships to industry that are under discussion. 3. Four books that are particularly helpful in describing these issues are John Abramson, Overdosed America: e Broken Promise of American Medicine (New...