Colonial Memory and Postcolonial Europe: Maltese Settlers in Algeria and France

INDEX

INDEX accueil: definition of, 175; and nostalgia, 173. See also hospitality African Americans: and pieds-noirs, 31–32 Ageron, Charles-Robert, 100, 101, 108, 233n7, 234n17 Aix-en-Provence: and associations, 38, 207; fieldwork in, 6, 13–16, 33, 35–36, 171, 176; pied-noir settlement in, 35–36, 51, 167 Algeria: nostalgia for, 31–32; recreated in France, 189, 189–193; as Wild West, 28 Algerian colonial history, alternative reading of, 151 Algerian independence, 145 Algerian melting pot. See creuset algérien Algerian War (1954–1962): 3, 5, 110; attentats (bombings), 144; disruption in France, 5; exodus and exile, 161–162; fatalities in, 5; and fieldwork, 6–8; history , 141–145; in the imagination, 7; literature, 241n1; military service, 5; narratives of, 153–157; official recognition as war in 1999, 158, 242n10; referred to as “the events,” 145; referred to by different names, 233n9; silenced, 145–150; torture, 5, 143, 158, 233n6 Algerianistes, 114–115, 136 Algerians in French army, 107, 241n4, See also military service Algiers —city of: capital, 81; Mahonnais in, 68; migration to, 19; neighborhoods of, 117; in settler discourse, 112, 129; settlers in, 54–65, 58, 61–63, 70, 95, 100 —province of (département): 77 —Regency of. See Ottoman Algeria All Saints’ Day, 171 alienation, 16, 203; of Algerians from French, 66; of Algerians from land, 65; Amicales, 41; in Europe, 16; of FrancoMaltese , 195–197. See also displacement ; expropriation; liminality alterity, 117 ALN, 141 Amicale France-Malte, 2, 6, 11, 18, 33, 35–37, 39, 40, 54–55, 63, 140, 154, 188, 206, 208, 210; alienation, 41; association , 37; club names, 206; France’s failure, 40 amicales: defined, 37; pied-noir, 190–193. See also Amicale France-Malte; FrancoMaltese clubs Annaba (Bône), 51, 166, 190, ethnic neighborhoods, 116; origins of interviewees , 51, 166, 192; pied-noir clubs, 121, 193 anthropology: and colonialism, 25, 28–29; and colonists, 29; of Europe, 28 Anti-Arab sentiment in France, 186 Antilleans in France, 184 anti-Maltese sentiment: in Algeria, 62, 89–90, 92–95; in France, 197 anti–pied-noir sentiment, 175, 179–188, 209 anti-Semitism: and colonial categories, 91, 105; and Crémieux decree, 105; and péril étranger, 109; pied-noir, 193–194; popular culture, 114–115 Arab culture in pied-noir culture, 220 Arabic: in Algeria, 111; in France, 220; in Malta, 1–2, 222–223; and Maltese language , 22, 221; pied-noir knowledge of, 53, 128, 220–221 archival research, 17 Arles, 7, 39, 172 Armée de libération nationale. See ALN Arnaud, Louis, 95 arsch, 65 Ascension Day, 7, 39 References to illustrations appear in italics. 260 | Index assimilation, 34, 101, 120; administrative, of Algeria to France, 77; Algeria vs. Tunisia, 57–59; ambivalence of, 31, 98; in contemporary France, 9, 135; dominant vs. subaltern narratives of, 27; discrimination and, 138; economic, 115–117; and education, 10, 111–112; exclusion of indigenous Algerians, 108; and French language use, 58; incomplete , 18, 63; intermarriage, 129; loss of Maltese, 127–128; multivocality of narratives , 27; pursued in Algeria, 118, 126–128, 133, 137, 139; resistance to, 10; role of French state, 9, 19; of settlers , 5; and status differences, 64; suppression of non-French culture, 58. See also class; identity; melting pot; upward mobility associations, in France: activities, 37–41; amicales, 37; defined, 37; and the elderly, 39–40; ethnic, 38; funding, 38; identity politics, 35, 37; pied-noir, 243n16; regionalism of pied-noir, 190; repatriate, 38; vs. immigrant, 41. See also Amicale France-Malte, Franco-Maltese clubs authoritative utterance, 135–136 Aveyron (Fr), 9, 37 Bab-el-Oued, 100, 117, 144 Bahloul, Joëlle, 91; religious ascription in colony, 238n33 Baillet, Pierre, 168 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 27, 128–129, 135 Balandier, Georges, 82 Balearic islands, 19, 68, 110, 191 Balibar, Etienne, 10, 30, 184, 185 Barth, Fredrik, 50, 79, 205 Basu, Joseph, 231 Battle of Lepanto, 42 Beidelman, Thomas, 29 Belgian immigrants, 10 Berbers, 20, 22, 42, 65, 71, 87, 108, 111, 220, 226, 142. See also Kabylia Berber language: in Maltese place-names, 46; and pied-noir fluency in, 181, 220, 221 Beriss, David, 184 Bertrand, Louis, 114 Beurs, 194 bey, 19, 71 beylik (Ottoman-era provinces), 19, 234n18 Biskra (Alg), 87 Biskris, 87–88 blazon de famille (coat of arms), 34, 59, 61, 215 Bonacich, Edna, 89 Bône. See Annaba Bouches du Rhône, 11 British rule in Malta, 48; nineteenth-century emigration, 47–49; unemployment and starvation, 48 Brittany and regionalism, 19...