The War in the Empty Air: Victims, Perpetrators, and Postwar Germans

INDEX

Index 297 I NDEX Adler, H. G., 252 Al Qaeda, 5 Allied, 31, 102; air war (total), x–xii, 8, 26–28, 53, 102–43 passim, 146, 181; and “austerity” politics, 188; and conversion (rebirth) to democracy, 179, 257–58; denazification, 10, 185, 191 (see also Nazi); firebombing, 103–42 passim, 167; and German civilians, 107, 126–28, 130–42 passim, 151; German reeducation , 191; as (invading) liberators, 122– 23, 172, 177–79; mass destruction of German cities, 111, 113, 123, 130–42 passim, 151, 183; mass expulsions (deportations) of German civilians, 53, 127, 150, 154, 181; and media control, 188; “moral bombing,” 110, 114, 122, 135, 137, 148; occupation, 168, 178, 185; political and military ethics of, 184; Tiefflieger, 134, 137, 153; total warfare, 114, 121, 126–32, 135–42 passim, 148, 181, 184; as (innocent, omnipotent) victors, 65, 112–13, 122–23, 136, 138, 141–42, 174, 177–82, 188; war of annihilation, 122, 137, 139; war of extermination, 131. See also Churchill, Sir Winston American Jewish Committee, 178 American-German relations: friendship, 28; special relationship, 9 Améry, Jean, 108 Ammon, Herbert, 281n84 Angell, Roger, 63 Arab, 12; anti-Semitism, 90; conflict with the US and Israel, 52, 72, 82, 90, 196. See also Muslim Arendt, Hannah, 16, 57, 71, 78, 89, 174, 194, 198–200, 209, 211–12, 262n15; Eichmann in Jerusalem, 56, 194; The Human Condition, 209; The Jew as Pariah, 262n15; on Zionist identity politics, 20 Assmann, Aleida, 271n27 Augstein, Rudolf, 289n68 Augustine: on memory, 167–68 Auschwitz, xi, xiii, 8, 19, 59, 78, 89, 150, 170–72; aftermath, 85; collective remembrance of, 33–34, 165–207 passim; commemoration ceremonies, 206–207; cultural centrality of, 7, 19, 33, 176, 206–207; Frankfurt Auschwitz trial, 252–53; historicization of, 33, 76–77, 190, 193–200; politics of, xiii; relativization of, 76–77, 198–99; and ritualization of, 165–207 passim; supra-historical status of, xiii, 3, 7, 24, 69, 176, 186, 190; uniqueness of, 7, 32–34, 45, 52, 64– 67, 75–76, 98, 176–77, 186, 190–207 passim. See also Nazi: persecution of Jews Baghdad, 8, 125, 172 Barnett, Correlli, 278n50 Barringer, Felicity, 262n10 Bauer, Fritz, 252–53 Behnke, Albert Richard, 115–16 Bellamy, Edward, 216; Looking Backward, 216 Benz, Wolfgang, 70, 82–89 Berg, Nicolas, 290n12 Berlin firebombing, 134 Berlin Holocaust Mahnmal, 58, 167, 201– 205 Berliner Republik, 59, 68, 75, 202, 210 Berliner Zentrum für AntisemitismusForschung , 69, 85 Bismarck, Otto von, 289n5 Bitburg cemetery, 175–77 Blair, Tony, 5, 173 Böll, Heinrich, 112, 255 Bomber Command, 114, 120, 131, 133–34, Index 298 141, 148; area bombing, 120–21; Bomber Harris (Sir Arthur), 114, 131– 35, 137, 148; civilian population as Nazi enemy, 121–23, 137, 180; “extermination ” attacks, 122; “moral bombing,” 122, 135, 148; total warfare, 114, 120– 21, 131, 135, 148 Bonner Republic, 202 Brandt, Willy, 182, 255; Erinnerungen, 182, 202 Brecht, Bertolt: views on collective guilt, 276n20 Broder, Henryk M., 16, 79 Broszat, Martin: plea for historicization of the Nazi period, 33, 46, 52–53 Brumlik, Micha, 81 Bubis, Ignatz, 18, 75, 85, 88, 204–205, 272n33, 274n49 Buck, Theo, 254 Bund der Vertriebenen (BdV), 91–92, 143– 44, 149–50 Bundesrepublik, 31, 46, 58, 85, 89, 94, 176, 182, 208; importance of institutions , 209, 249, 208–59 passim. See also Federal Republic of Germany Buruma, Jan, 183–85 Bush, George H. W., 172 Bush, George W., 3–5, 9–10, 61, 68, 171– 72, 261n2; administration, 5, 8–10, 64; “axis of evil,” 8, 61; “coalition of the willing,” 61; terrorism as Nazi evil, 62, 222 Canetti, Elias, 276n15 Casablanca conference (unconditional surrender), 135 Cheney, Dick, 206 Chirac, Jacques, 177 Christian fundamentalism, 10 Christopher, Warren, 175 Clinton, Bill, 6, 173–75 Churchill, Sir Winston, 114, 126–28, 130– 35, 137, 148, 278n50; defenseless civilians as Nazi enemy, 121, 123, 126, 128, 130–32, 135, 137, 180; mass destruction of German cities, 107, 126–28, 130–42 passim; mass destruction of German civilians, 107, 126–28, 130–42 passim; “moral bombing,” 110, 114, 122– 28, 135, 137, 148; total warfare, 114, 121, 126–32, 135, 148; war of “extermination ,” 131, 148. See also Allied Cologne firebombing, 114, 133 Communism, xi, 46, 212, 215, 217, 220, 253; institutions, 212; utopianism, 21 Connelly, Mark, 278n50 Craig, Gordon, 186 Czech: atrocities against German civilians, 94, 174; internalized official victimhood, 174; as perpetrators, 92, 174 Dahrendorf, Ralph, 100, 269n6, 275n64 Darmstadt firebombing, 133–34 Darré, Walther...