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Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Jill M. Bystydzienski and Sharon R. Bird part one: history of women in stem fields 1. Sustaining Gains: Re®ections on Women in Science and Technology in the Twentieth-Century United States 23 Sally Gregory Kohlstedt 2. From “Engineeresses” to “Girl Engineers” to “Good Engineers”: A History of Women’s U.S. Engineering Education 46 Amy Sue Bix part two: institutional and cultural barriers for women in stem 3. Using POWRE to ADVANCE: Institutional Barriers Identi¤ed by Women Scientists and Engineers 69 Sue V. Rosser 4. Telling Stories about Engineering: Group Dynamics and Resistance to Diversity 93 Cynthia Burack and Suzanne E. Franks 5. The Gender Gap in Information Technology 108 Mo-Yin S. Tam and Gilbert W. Bassett, Jr. 6. African American Women in Science: Experiences from High School through the Post-secondary Years and Beyond 123 Sandra L. Hanson 7. African Women Pursuing Graduate Studies in the Sciences: Racism, Gender Bias, and Third World Marginality 142 Josephine Beoku-Betts 8. Gendered Experiences in the Science Classroom 161 Molly J. Dingel part three: feminist study of scientific practice 9. The Construction of Sexual Bimorphism and Heterosexuality in the Animal Kingdom 179 Kirsten Smilla Ebeling 10. Feminism and Science: Mechanism without Reductionism 197 Carla Fehr 11. Across the Language Barrier: Gender in Plant Biology and Feminist Theory 215 Dana A. Dudle and Meryl Altman part four: remedies and change 12. The Graduate Experience of Women in STEM and How It Could Be Improved 237 Anne J. MacLachlan 13. How Can Women and Students of Color Come to Belong in Graduate Mathematics? 254 Abbe H. Herzig 14. Designing Gender-Sensitive Computer Games to Close the Gender Gap in Technology 271 Anna M. Martinson 15. Making Sense of Retention: An Examination of Undergraduate Women’s Participation in Physics Courses 287 Heidi Fencl and Karen R. Scheel 16. Creating Academic Career Opportunities for Women in Science: Lessons from Liberal Arts Colleges 303 Neal B. Abraham 17. Beyond Gender Schemas: Improving the Advancement of Women in Academia 320 Virginia Valian Selected Readings 333 Contributors 337 Index 341 viii Contents ...

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