Latinas in the United States, set: A Historical Encyclopedia

Contents

Volume 1 Preface xv Acknowledgments xix Introduction: A Historical and Regional Overview of Latinas in the United States 1 Latinas in the Southwest 1 Latinas in the Northeast 7 Latinas in the Midwest 14 Latinas in the Southeast 18 Latinas in the Pacific Northwest 24 Abarca, Apolonia “Polly” Muñoz 29 Acosta, Lucy 30 Acosta Vice, Celia M. 31 Aging 33 Agostini del Río, Amelia 35 Alatorre, Soledad “Chole” 35 Albelo, Carmen 36 Alfau Galván de Solalinde, Jesusa 37 Allende, Isabel 38 Alonzo, Ventura 38 Altars 40 Alvarez, Aida 41 Alvarez, Cecilia Concepción 42 Alvarez, Delia 43 Alvarez, Julia 44 Alvarez, Linda 44 Alvarez v. Lemon Grove School District 45 Americanization Programs 46 Antonetty, Evelina López 48 Antonio Maceo Brigade 49 Anzaldúa, Gloria 51 Apodaca, Felicitas 52 Aprenda y Superese 54 Aragón, Jesusita 54 Arballo, María Feliciana 55 Arguello, María de la Concepción (Sister María Dominica) 56 Arías, Anna María 57 Arizona Orphan Abduction 58 Armiño, Franca de 59 Arocho, Juanita 60 Arroyo, Carmen E. 61 Arroyo, Martina 62 Artists 63 Asociación Nacional México-Americana (ANMA) 67 ASPIRA 68 ASPIRA v. New York City Board of Education 69 Avila, María Elena 69 Avila, Modesta 70 Aztlán 71 Babín, María Teresa 74 Baca, Judith Francesca 74 Baca Barragán, Polly 75 Baez, Joan Chandos 76 Barceló, María Gertrudis (“La Tules”) 78 Barnard, Juana Josefina Cavasos 79 Barraza, Santa Contreras 80 Barrera, Plácida Peña 81 Belpré, Pura 83 Bencomo, Julieta Saucedo 84 Bernal, Martha 85 Bernasconi, Socorro Hernández 86 Betances Jaeger, Clotilde 87 Betanzos, Amalia V. 88 Bilingual Education 88 Black Legend 90 Blake, María DeCastro 91 Borrero Pierra, Juana 93 Boyar, Monica 94 Bozak, Carmen Contreras 95 vii q Contents q Bracero Program 96 Braga, Sonia 99 Briones, María Juana 99 Burciaga, Mirna Ramos 100 Caballero, Diana 103 Cabeza de Baca, Fabiola 104 Cabrera, Angelina “Angie” 105 Cabrera, Lydia 106 Calderón, Rose Marie 107 California Missions 108 California Sanitary Canning Company Strike 110 Callejo, Adelfa Botello 111 Callis de Fages, Eulalia Francesca y Josepha 112 Calvillo, Ana María del Carmen 113 Canales, Laura 114 Canales, Nohelia de los Angeles 115 Canino, María Josefa 116 Cannery and Agricultural Workers Industrial Union (CAWIU) 117 Cántico de la Mujer Latina 118 Capetillo, Luisa 119 Carbonell, Anna 119 Cardona, Alice 120 Carr, Vikki 121 Carrillo de Fitch, Josefa 122 Casal, Lourdes 123 Casals, Rosemary 124 Casanova de Villaverde, Emilia 125 Casita Maria, New York 126 Castillo, Ana 128 Castillo, Guadalupe 129 Castro, Rosie 130 Castro, Victoria M. “Vickie” 131 Ceja, Amelia Moran 132 Central American Immigrant Women 134 Centro de Acción Social Autónomo (CASA) 137 Centro Hispano Católico 139 Centro Mater 139 Cepeda-Leonardo, Margarita 140 Cervantes, Lorna Dee 140 Chabram, Angie González 142 Chacón, Soledad Chávez 143 “Charo” (María Rosario Pilar Martínez Molina Baeza) 144 Chávez, Denise 144 Chávez, Helen 146 Chávez, Linda 147 Chávez Ravine, Los Angeles 148 Chávez-Thompson, Linda 149 Chicana Caucus/National Women’s Political Caucus 150 Chicana Rights Project 151 Chicano Movement 151 Chicanos Por La Causa (CPLC) 155 Cigar Workers 156 Cinema Images, Contemporary 159 Círculo Cultural Isabel la Católica 161 Cisneros, Sandra 161 Clínica de la Beneficencia Mexicana 162 Collazo, Rosa Cortéz 163 Colón, Miriam 164 Colón, Rufa Concepción Fernández (“Concha”) 166 Comisión Femenil Mexicana Nacional (CFMN) 167 Communist Party 168 Communities Organized for Public Service (COPS) 169 Community Service Organization (CSO) 170 Congreso del Pueblo 172 Córdova, Lina 173 Corridos 175 Cossio y Cisneros, Evangelina 176 Cotera, Martha 177 Crawford, Mercedes Margarita Martínez 178 Cruz, Celia 179 Cuban and Puerto Rican Revolutionary Party 181 Cuban Independence Women’s Clubs 182 Cuban Women’s Club 183 Cuban-Spanish-American War 184 Cuero, Delfina 185 Davis, Grace Montañez 187 De Acosta, Aida 188 De Acosta, Mercedes 189 De Aragón, Uva 190 De Arteaga, Genoveva 191 De Avila, Dolores C. 192 De Burgos, Julia 193 De la Cruz, Jessie López 194 De la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés 196 De la Garza, Beatríz 197 De León, Patricia de la Garza 198 Del Castillo, Adelaida Rebecca 199 Del Prado, Pura 200 Del Río, Dolores 201 Contents viii q Del...