Native Insurgencies and the Genocidal Impulse in the Americas

Appendixes

Appendix 1 Chronology of the Pueblo Revolt 1538 Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca arrives in Mexico with news of the Pueblos of New Mexico. 1539 Friar Marcos de Niza leads an expedition into the Pueblo region. 1540–42 Francisco Vázquez de Coronado leads an expedition into the Pueblo region. 1598 Juan Oñate leads an entrada into the region of New Mexico. 1610 Santa Fe is founded. 1616 Of¤ce of the custodian is introduced in New Mexico. 1618–25 Governor Eulate allows Indians to practice native religious ceremonies. 1626 The Inquisition begins in New Mexico. 1643 Assessment of Indian tribute changes from a household to individual basis, and taxes are increased. 1660 Governor López increases tolerance of native rituals. 1661 Spaniards increasingly attempt to end native rituals. 1666–69 The Pueblo region is ravaged by drought and famine. 1671 Increasing nomadic Indian raids of pueblos. 1675 Governor Treviño orders arrest of forty-seven Indian medicine men, including Popé. Aug. 10, 1680 Pueblo revolt begins. Aug. 21, 1680 Hispanics abandon Santa Fe. Sept. 29, 1680 Hispanics conduct muster at La Salineta. Nov. 7, 1681–Feb. 11, 1682 Otermín leads entrada into Pueblo region. 1691 Governor Vargas arrives in El Paso region. Aug.–Dec. 1692 Vargas leads his ¤rst entrada into the Pueblo region. Oct. 1693 Vargas leads Hispanics to resettle the Pueblo region. Dec. 30, 1693 Vargas retakes Santa Fe. June 4, 1696 Second pueblo revolt begins, led by Tiwas, Tewas, Tanos, and Keres Indians. Nov. 1696 Second Pueblo revolt is suppressed. July 1697 Governor Pedro Rodríguez de Cubero arrives in Santa Fe, and Vargas is soon jailed. July 1700 Vargas journeys to Mexico City to clear his name. Aug. 1703 Vargas arrives in New Mexico to serve second term as governor. Apr. 1704 Vargas dies in Bernalillo. Appendix 2 Chronology of the Great Rebellion 1777 Túpac Amaru goes to Lima in an unsuccessful attempt to reduce repartimiento and mita burdens for Indians in Tinta and neighboring provinces in Peru. 1778 Tomás Catari journeys to Buenos Aires to petition the viceroy for reduced repartimiento burdens for the Indians of Macha. He also requests that he be con¤rmed as curaca of Macha by right of heredity. 1779 Tomás Catari returns to Macha and claims to have been con¤rmed as curaca by royal decree. After he orders a reduction of tribute levels, he is arrested and jailed in Chayanta, Potosí, and La Plata. Aug. 26, 1780 Supporters of Tomás Catari capture Corregidor Joaquín Alós. In exchange for his freedom, Catari is released from jail and legally con¤rmed as curaca of Macha. Aug.–Dec. 1780 Tomás Catari again declares reduction of tribute. His supporters capture and kill curacas in Chayanta and Yamparaez provinces and abolish the repartimiento, mita, and all taxes. Sept. 10, 1780 Head and heart of curaca Florencio Lupa appear on a cross outside of La Plata, inspiring great fear of the Indian uprising in the city. Nov. 4, 1780 Túpac Amaru captures Corregidor Arriaga near Tinta. Nov. 10, 1780 Túpac Amaru executes Arriaga. Nov. 18, 1780 Túpac Amaru and supporters defeat loyalists at Sangarará, and 576 royalists perish. Túpac Amaru and all supporters are excommunicated. Death of Creoles in the battle instills fear of rebellion in this group, causing them to withhold their support. Dec. 28, 1780–Jan. 10, 1781 Túpac Amaru leads unsuccessful siege of Cuzco. Jan. 8, 1781 Tomás Catari is killed at Chataquila while in transit to La Plata as a prisoner. Catarista leadership passes to his cousins Dámaso and Nicolás Catari. In Challapata, Indians kill their corregidor, Manuel de Bodega. Jan. 25, 1781 Indians in Carangas kill Corregidor Mateo Ibañez Arce. Feb. 10, 1781 Creoles lead rebellion in Oruro. Feb. 12, 1781 Dámaso Catari and Ramón Paca attack Yura. Feb. 13–17, 1781 Catarista siege of La Plata from near La Punilla. Feb. 19–25, 1781 Rebels overrun towns of Tinquipaya, Colcha, Palca, Ayopaia, Arque, and Tapacari. Feb. 27, 1781 Rebels execute Corregidor Francisco de Revilla in Lipes. Feb. 28, 1781 Indians take town of Tarata. March 6, 1781 Luís Laso de la Vega leads uprising in Tupiza and surrounding area. March 9, 1781 Rebels take town of San Pedro de Buenavista. March 14, 1781 Túpac Catari begins the siege of La Paz. Apr. 1...