American Confluence: The Missouri Frontier from Borderland to Border State

Index

Index Acadians, 63, 78 Adams, John, 112 Adams, John Quincy, 187–188, 194, 195 Adelman, Jeremy, xvi Adler, Jeffrey, 236 agriculture: American and Indian methods compared, 102; on French Creole farms, 29–32, 39–43, 100; hemp and tobacco, 174, 175, 198; of Indians before European contact, 4–9; maize, 4; prairie versus forested lands, 165 alcohol trade with Indians, 87, 206–207, 232 Algonquians, 17, 22 Algonquin speakers, 3 American confluence, xiii, xvii, xxi, 1, 86 American Fur Company, 199 American Revolution (1776), 69–71, 73–77 Amherst, Jeffrey, 55, 75 Anderson, Hattie, 197 Apaches, 12, 14, 33 Apple Creek, 108, 213 Arkansas Territory, 178, 204 Arnold, Benedict, 122 Ashley, William Henry, 200–201 Astor, John Jacob, 199–201 Atchison, David Rice, 242 Austin, Moses, 98–100, 110, 126 Austin, Stephen, 101 Bank of Missouri, 189–190 Bank of St. Louis, 189 Banner, Stuart, xxi Barton, David, 195, 210 bateaux, 32 Bates, Frederick, 116, 140, 145–147, 225 Becknell, William, 201–202 Benton, Thomas Hart, 188, 220; and Indians , 207, 209–210, 214, 230; and Missouri statehood, 180–181; and populism , 193–196; and slavery, 240–241 Big Soldier (Osage headman), 161 Biloxi, 26 Black Code (1724), 47–48, 119–120 blacks: arrival in America, 11, 20; free blacks barred from Missouri, 184; and Indian evictions, 216–217; lynching, 239; Missouri laws on racial mixing, 217; struggle for rights, 217. See also slavery boatmen, 170–171 Boggs, Lilburn, 228, 237, 242 Bolton, Herbert, xiv Boone, Daniel, xiv, 71, 98–100 Boone, Daniel Morgan, 98–99 Boone, Nathan, 98–100, 110, 142 Boonesborough, 71 Boon’s Lick Country, 152–155, 164–169, 174, 198, 228 borderland, xiii, xvi–xviii Bourgmond, Étienne Veniard, Sieur de, 34–35 Briggs, Winstanley, 29–30 Burr, Aaron, 122–123 Caddos, 24 Cahokia (colonial town), 27–28, 40, 55, 70 Cahokia (Indian town), 5–7 Cahokia Indians, 3 Calhoun, John C., 205 Callot, Henri Victor, 96 Calloway, Colin, xviii calumet ceremony, 19–20, 55 Canada, 13–17 Cape Girardeau, 99, 108, 121 Carlos III (king), 63 Carondelet, Francisco Luis Hector, Baron de, 78, 84, 92–94, 97 Italicized page numbers indicate maps and illustrations. Carr, William, 125–126 Chariton County, 206 Chartres, 28, 55 Cherokees, 71–72, 74, 88, 110, 137, 138, 151, 159, 162 Chickasaws, 23, 74, 88, 95, 110, 137, 138 Chiwere Siouan speakers, 22 Choctaws, 88, 110, 138, 151 Chouteau family, 94–95, 104, 109, 115, 121, 123–124, 131, 172, 194; Auguste, 51–52, 85–86, 93–94, 114, 121, 123; Pierre, 94, 121, 143 Clamorgan, Jacques, 124 Clark, George Rogers, 72–73, 75, 81–82, 93 Clark, Jonathan, 229 Clark, Julia Hancock, 152, 155 Clark, Meriwether Lewis, 220 Clark, William, 115, 129, 222; death of, 220; on death of Meriwether Lewis, 147; defeated in election for governor, 196, 235; and exploration of Missouri River, 106, 128; has child with Indian woman, 133; and Indians, 128–134, 139–148, 156–158, 162–164, 183–184, 204–206, 208–210, 212–215, 218, 224–231; land speculation of, 166, 172; legacy of, 221–229; and slavery, 174–175, 177, 229. See also Corps of Discovery; Lewis, Meriwether Clay, Henry, 178, 180, 184, 195 Clay County, 205 Coburn, John, 146 Code Noir (1724), 47–48, 119–120 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 18 Colonial objectives and settlement structures of Spanish and French compared , 13–15 Comanches, 12, 14, 33, 36, 49, 138 confluence region, xiii–xiv, xvii–xviii, xxi, 2, 23, 40, 70, 108, 232. See also Louisiana Territory; Missouri (state); Missouri Territory; Ohio valley; Upper Louisiana under French rule; Upper Louisiana under Spanish rule Congress (U.S.), 122, 124–125, 178–181, 184, 188, 193, 228, 241 Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, 11 Corps of Discovery, 128, 130–131, 139, 174, 221–223 Cortez, Hernando, 11 coureurs de bois, 15 Cruzat, Francisco, 73–74, 79–80 Darby, William, 170 Datchurut, Jean, 53 Davis, Jefferson, 242 de Soto, Hernán, 11–12 Dearborn, Henry, 119–120 Delassus, Charles de Hault, 111, 114 Delawares, 74, 107, 140, 143–145, 148, 151, 157–159, 162–164, 187, 207–209, 212; agriculture and social structure, 102–104; attacks against Osages, 92–93, 205; gender roles among, 103; supported U.S. in War of 1812, 155–156; westward migration, 69–70, 81–82, 88, 95, 101–102, 137, 204 Des Peres mission, 34 Detroit, 72 Dhegiha speakers, 8, 22 District of Louisiana, 120 Dodge, Nathaniel, 207–208 Dodson, John, 98 Donaldson, James, 125–126 Downey, Thomas, 171 Dred...