A Church Divided: German Protestants Confront the Nazi Past

INDEX

INDEX Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. absolution. See forgiveness, divine Adenauer, Konrad, 128, 175 Adorno, Theodor, 11, 171 Albertz, Martin, 30, 36 Althaus, Paul, 18, 23, 25, 26 American Joint Distribution Organization, 144 Ansbach Memorandum, 25 anti-Judaism, 10, 14, 20–21, 36, 136–39, 151–63, 168–70 antisemitism, 10, 14, 36, 136–39; and Christians of Jewish descent, 138, 143; indiªerence to by church leadership, 138–39; and Jewish cemeteries, 167; and Protestant churchmen and congregations, 136 archbishop of Canterbury. See Fisher, Geoªrey Articles of Smalcald, 6 Aryan paragraph, 19, 20, 22, 148, 228n51 Asmussen, Hans, 7, 45, 104; and Barmen declaration, 24, 211n97; and Barth, 56, 57, 60; and conservatives, 39–40; and council of brethren, 48–49, 71–72, 110, 208n37; council of twelve, 213n5; and Darmstadt statement, 118, 130–33, 222–23n5; and divine forgiveness, 73; and Fisher’s BBC address, 105–106; “The Guilt of Others,” 102, 115; and Jews, 138; letter to archbishop of Canterbury, 48–49, 70, 71; letter to Hitler, 32; and Niemöller, 214n14; postwar transformation of, 48; and religious guilt, 71–72; and Stuttgart declaration, 81, 91, 93–94, 96, 187 Assenheim statement, 160, 231n29 Augsburg Confession, 6, 208n39 Augsburg synod, 30 Bad Oeynhausen synod, 31 Baeck, Leo, 164–65 Barmen, Theological Declaration of, 22–28, 68, 173–75; Asmussen and regional church leaders, 211n97; and church struggle, 40; church-state relations, 27; and conservative Lutherans, 25, 28, 209n50; eªect on Dahlem resolutions, 29, 40; and the First Commandment, 32; and law and gospel, 25–26; natural theology, 24–25; postwar attitudes toward, 40; Sasse on doctrinality of, 208n39; text of, 179–80 Barmen synod, 22 Barth, Karl, 69, 128, 129; and Augsburg synod, 30; and Barmen declaration, 24–28; on Bonhoeªer, 173; “The Christian Community and the Civil Community,” 123, 130, 223n7; “The Church—the Living Congregation of the Living Lord Jesus,” 125, 223n7; on the Confessing Church and German Christians, 210n61; and Darmstadt statement, 122–25; essay by in British newspaper, 57, 59–61; influence on Dahlemites, 121–22; and Iwand 125–27; and Jews, 21, 36, 59, 175; and law and gospel, 25–26; letter to Czechs, 35; letter to Stuttgart delegates, 80; and natural theology, 25–26; and Niemöller, 56, 80; Reformed and reformer, 6, 7, 38, 202n10; responses to Swiss lecture by, 57–59; Barth, Karl (continued) and Sonderweg thesis, 57; Theological Existence Today!, 21; and Treysa conference, 45; and Young Reformers, 21 Bavaria regional church, 7, 18, 143, 158 BBC, 101, 102, 109–10 Beckmann, Joachim, 128, 168, 208n37 Beiser, Gerhard, 13 Bell, George, 77, 103, 210, 217n4 Bergen, Doris, 229n56 Berlin Federation for Mission to the Jews, 231n14 Berlin-Brandenburg regional church, 2, 6, 7, 31 Berlin-Dahlem church, 16 Berlin-Weissensee statement. See “Statement on the Jewish Question” Berlin-Weissensee synod, 167 Bethge, Eberhard, 173 Bible: and church struggle, 52; passages to support conversion of Jews, 140, 155, 158, 230n9; provides discourse for German clergy, 166, 171–72; role of Jews in God’s salvation plan, 135 Bismarck, 130 Bodelschwingh, Friedrich von, 39, 206n11 Böhm, Hans, 61 Bonhoeªer, Dietrich, 19, 148, 166; background of, 36; and cheap grace, 72–74; and Jews, 20–21, 36, 173; and Kirchenkampf, 224n13 Breit, Thomas, 24 Breslau synod, 37 brethren council. See council of brethren Brunner, Robert, 138, 147, 160 Brunswick regional church, 18 Bucer, Martin, 74, 202n10 Burgstahler, Theo, 159, 160, 231–32n29 Calvin, John, 74, 202n10 Calvinist. See Reformed denomination Catholics. See Roman Catholic Church Cavert, Samuel McCrea, 217n4 cemeteries, Jewish, 167, 170, 233n58 cheap grace. See Bonhoeªer, Dietrich Christian-Jewish relations (see also Christians of Jewish descent; “Jewish question”; Jews): historical dimension of, 135, 225n1; 262 | INDEX and practical issues, 135; theological dimension of, 135; at Weissensee synod, 167 Christians of Jewish descent, 19 (see also “nonAryan Christians”); aid o‹ces for, 138–40, 144–45, 165, 225n7; and Aryan paragraph, 20; and Barth, 21, 36, 59, 175; and Bonhoeªer, 20–21, 36, 173; and Confessing Church, 30, 37, 148–49; estrangement from Protestant Church, 147–49, 230n2; and Grüber, 137, 140, 141, 144, 145–47; and Hilfswerk, 145–47; and Jewish support, 144; and Maas, 144; and Majer-Leonard, 139–40, 144; and missions to convert Jews, 137–42, 155–63; numbers of, 139; persecution by Nazis, 144, 148, 228n51; Protestant Church, relationship to, 19, 20, 30, 36, 138–40, 144–45, 159; and Tenth Sunday after Trinity collection...