Irish Immigrants in New York City, 1945-1995

Notes

Notes i n t r o d u c t i o n 1. Susan Sachs, “From a Babel of Tongues, a Neighborhood,” New York Times, December 26, 1999, pp. 1, 25. New York City Department of City Planning, The Newest New Yorkers, 1990–1994, December 1996, table 4-1, p. 52. 2. Rosenwaike, Ira, Population History of New York City (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1972), p. 42, and The Newest New Yorkers 1990–1994, p. 52. 3. New York and the Irish Famine: A Symbolic Meal and Keynote Address on the Occasion of the Tenth Anniversary of the New York Irish History Roundtable, St. Paul the Apostle Undercroft, New York City, October 28, 1994 (New York: Irish History Roundtable, 1994). 4. Steven P. Erie, Rainbow’s End: Irish Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840–1985 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), p. 2. 5. Jay Dolan, The Immigrant Church: New York’s Irish and German Catholics, 1815– 1985, 2nd ed. (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983), p. 167. 6. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. Department of Justice, October 1993, table 2. Immigration by Region and Selected Country of Last Residence Fiscal Years 1820–1992, pp. 27–28. 7. Emigration USA, RTE television (Ireland), March 11, 1987, Archive account number : BN307/87L. 8. 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, table 2, pp. 26–29. 9. Leonard Dinnerstein and David Reimers, Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration , 3rd ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), p. 93. 10. 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, appendix 1, p. A.1-6. 11. 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, appendix 1, pp. A.1-9–A.1-13; Dinnerstein and Reimers, pp. 85–90. 12. David Reimers, Still the Golden Door (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), pp. 39–62. 13. Dinnerstein and Reimers, pp. 85–89. 14. 1992 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, table 2, p. 27. 15. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was obviously the ¤rst Catholic president of the United States and an Irish American as well. However, he was not the ¤rst chief executive with Irish ancestry. Several presidents, beginning with Andrew Jackson, were of Irish Protestant or Scotch-Irish ancestry. See William D. Grif¤n, The Book of Irish Americans (New York: Times Books, 1990), p. 250 16. Reimers, p. 17. 17. Reimers, p. 63, and Elliott Robert Barkan, And Still They Come: Immigrants and American Society, 1920 to the 1990s (Wheeling, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1996), pp. 116–118. 18. New York City Department of City Planning, pp. 7–9. 19. New York City Department of City Planning, p. 9. 20. New York City Department of City Planning, p. 13. 1 . t h e b a c kg r o u n d 1. This quote was offered to me by Martin McGovern, a 1980s Irish emigrant, who in the mid-1990s was the assistant to Father Bartley MacPhaidin, president of Stonehill College in Easton, Massachusetts, and a post–World War II migrant himself. It probably refers to the IRA. Tim Pat Coogan makes a similar observation about the Fenian Brotherhood, referring to their “tendency to disunity and splits.”In The Origins of the IRA: A History (Niwot, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart Publishers, 1994), p. 11. 2. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1982 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Of¤ce, 1983), table IMM1.2, p. 2. See Kerby A. Miller, Emigrants and Exiles: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), pp. 297 and 350, regarding the religion of the immigrants. 3. Ira Rosenwaike, Population History of New York (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1972), table 23, Birthplace of the Population of New York City, 1865–1890, p. 67, and table 26, Country of Origin of the Total Population of Foreign or Mixed Parentage, New York City, 1880, and of the White Population, 1980, p. 73. 4. Rosenwaike, table 23, Birthplace of the Population of New York City, 1865–1890, p. 67. 5. See Eric Foner, “Class, Ethnicity, and Radicalism in the Gilded Age: The Land League and Irish America,” Marxist Perspectives (Summer 1978): 6–7, and John Bodnar, The Transplanted (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985). 6. Hasia Diner, Erin’s Daughters in America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983), p. 91. 7. Nathan Glazer and Daniel...