Geographies of the Holocaust

Index

Index Italicized page numbers refer to illustrations. accessibility, 123, 130 aerial photographs, 9, 12 Agamben, Giorgio, 20, 46n7, 164 age, of arrested/deported Jews, 44, 54, 62, 65, 72, 78–79, 80 Allies, in World War II, 28, 36, 217; bombing raids on Germany, 31, 35; concentration camps liberated by, 20; Italy and, 53, 54, 81–82 Alsace, 26 Anschluss, 30 anti-Semitism, in Italy, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 239 architecture/architects, 4, 9, 44, 166–67, 227; offices of Auschwitz camp architects, 171; Zentralbauleitung and, 166, 166. See also Auschwitz, planning/design of archives/archival research, 5, 8, 92 Auschwitz, 6, 20, 108, 229; “area [zone] of interest,” 160, 167, 168, 187, 191n32, 201; changing functions of, 23–24; distance to subcamps, 34; as exemplar of all camps, 46n7; guard towers, 182; liberation of, 2, 189n17, 194–95; Oświęcim transformed into, 159; racist imperialist ideals and, 160; sight-line analysis of, 33. See also Auschwitz I; Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II); Monowitz (Auschwitz III); SS (Schutzstaffel) Auschwitz, deportations from Italy to, 11, 64, 64, 71, 73, 86n21; arrests on Swiss-Italian border, 63, 64; number and percentage of arrested Jews, 65; weak prisoners systematically sent to Auschwitz, 83 Auschwitz, evacuations (death marches) from, 3, 6, 11–12, 193–95, 218–19; beginning of journey (from camp to road), 202–205; camps on the eve of evacuations, 195–99; forming and deforming of columns, 211–12; guards’ threats, 193; intended versus actual routes, 206; length of, 223n27; limits of representation of, 207–209; microgeography and survival in, 4; number of prisoner fatalities during, 224n30; rope of history and, 219, 220–21; transformation of evacuations into death marches, 205, 206, 209–18 Auschwitz, planning/design of, 3, 9, 114, 159– 165, 185–87, 188n8; animal slaughterhouse, 172, 174, 178; Auschwitz built as new complex urban site, 165–74; DAW (Deutsche Ausrüstungswerk), 168; Deutsches Haus, 168, 170; emotional value of place and, 4; gas chambers and crematoria, 167, 170, 183; housing for SS personnel, 167, 168, 175; potato storage halls, 168, 170, 171; saunas, 168, 171–72, 172, 174, 178; Stosberg design, 160, 161, 167; train station, 168, 170, 175; visualizing built environment of Auschwitz, 175–83, 179, 181–84, 185. See also Hartjenstein (Lothar), Auschwitz plans of Auschwitz 1940–1945: Central Issues in the History of the Camp, 177, 197 Auschwitz I, 24, 171, 178, 191n32, 201; camp commandant’s house in, 115; construction of, 177; establishment of, 30; in Hartjenstein plan, 162, 167; SS Command Headquarters (Kommandatur), 168, 170; in Stosberg design, 161; women’s camp, 200 Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II), 11, 22, 23, 24, 31, 165, 175; architectural plans for, 167, 168, 176; Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, 163, 188n9; “Canada” (BIIg) barracks , 168, 180, 196; evacuations from, 196, 200–201, 201, 202; Gypsy Camp (BIIe barracks ), 180; inmates’ entrance gate at, 168, 190n20; liberated by Soviet troops, 194; massive transformation of, 179–80; “Mexico ” (BIII) barracks, 167, 168, 180; Oświęcim transformed into, 159; SS conceptualization as total environment, 185; SS headquarters, 169; women’s section, 36 Auschwitz-Birkenau, construction of, 168, 170, 177, 179, 180–83, 190n27, 191n32; animated model of, 9, 179; number of buildings under construction, 181; off-loading ramp for arriving prisoners, 183, 184, 185; phases of, 182–83 Austria, 26, 194 Babitz (Auschwitz subcamp), 202, 224n37 Badoglio, Marshal Pietro, 53, 56 Baltic states, 42 Barth, Emil, 36 Belarus, 4, 9, 11, 102, 108 Belgium, 31 Bełz ˙ ec death camp, 22, 30 Benigni, Roberto, 45n2 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 20, 28, 196, 201 binaries, geographical, 4, 123, 130 Birkenau death camp. See Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) Bischoff, Karl, 166–67, 168, 169, 182, 191n31 Blackshear, Benjamin Perry, 46n13, 93, 99 Blatman, Daniel, 198, 219 Boder, David, 197, 222n16 Borgo San Dalmazzo, city of, 6, 52, 65, 66, 69, 73, 81 Bormann, Johanna, 202, 213, 214, 224n37 Bracht, Fritz, 196 Bradfisch, Otto, 103 Brody, Judit, 149–50 Browning, Christopher, 103, 117n23 Buchenwald concentration camp, 20, 26, 42; Auschwitz prisoners evacuated to, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201; deportations from Italy to, 63, 64; distance to subcamps, 34; forced labor in, 40; sight-line analysis of, 33; SS construction brigades from, 35; zoo at, 114–15 Budapest, ghettoization in, 2, 6, 121–23; census data (1941) and, 131, 132, 138; Christian or non-Jewish residents of ghetto areas, 126–28, 149; delineation of the ghetto, 123–28, 124–25, 127; estimated number of residents per building, 152, 153–54, 157nn60–61; HGIS...