In the Shadow of the Shtetl: Small-Town Jewish Life in Soviet Ukraine

Index

365 S I N D E X Italicized page numbers refer to illustrations, maps, and tables. Aberbukh, Rabbi L. Sh., 272 Abramovitsh, Sholem Yankev. See Mendele Moykher Sforim actors, 58 Adler, Jacob, 200 agriculture, xv, 59, 66, 82 “Aheym” [Homeward] (song), 198–200, 203 “Aheym, briderlekh aheym” (song), 200 Akeydes Yitskhok (near-sacrifice of Isaac), 131 Aktions (Nazi “pogroms”), 168, 285 Alexander, Aharon, 288 Altshuler, Mordechai, 323n46 Amidah prayer, 93 anarchists (Greens), 32 An-sky, S., xviii anthropology, xxv antisemitism, 48, 101, 236, 246–47, 338n2; after the war, 111, 242, 245–48; closing of synagogues and, 270; in contemporary Ukraine, 288; in Red Army, 246; as Soviet state policy, xvi Apikoyres (The Heretic), 111 apothecaries, 26 Arad, Yitzhak, 338n2 Archives of Historical and Ethnographic Yiddish Memories Project (AHEYM), xix, 291 Argentina, emigration to, 37 artels (collective labor brigades), 62, 63, 249, 323n45 artisans, 10, 12, 21, 60; in artels, 323n45; collectivization and, 74–75; Jews as percentage of, 58; Nazi occupation and, 168; in Pechera concentration camp, 227; as percentage of shtetl population, 78; pogroms of Civil War and, 32; in postwar Ukraine, 248; in Sharhorod, 28; social status of, 66; synagogues of, 115; taxes on, 43; in Tulchyn ghetto, 210, 244; in villages, 70; women as, 73 Askoldov, Aleksandr, 41 assimilation, xxiv, 234, 283, 289 atheism, 83, 91, 111 Avrom son of Meir, 27, 205 Baal Shem Tov (Master of the Good Name; Besht; Israel ben Eliezer), 12, 24, 174, 256 Babi Yar, massacre in, 160 bakers, 28, 61, 72, 210 Balonivka, village of, 228 Balta, town of, 187 Band, Arnold, 4 Bandera, Stepan, 286–87 Banderists, 242–43 Bar, town of, xvi, 11, 161, 263, 274 barbers, xiv, 64, 65, 292, 294, 308; collectivization and, 76; Jews as percentage of, 60; synagogues of, 115 366  Barksy, David, 179 Barshteyn, Asya, 26–27, 73, 108–109; biography of, 291; on disease in ghetto , 208; on food customs, 140; on kindness of non-Jews, 220; postwar antisemitism and, 247; on religious traditions of Romanian Jews, 207; on synagogues, 116; on synagogues of Sharhorod, 113 Bartal, Israel, 4 beggars, 57 Beilis, Mendl, 271 Belarus, 72, 78, 111 Benedict, Ruth, 3 Berdichev, town of, xvii, 103–104, 239, 305; Hasidism in, xviii; map, xvii; Nazi murder of Jews in, 277; poverty in, 38–41; in Reichskommissariat Ukraine, 161; return to, after the war, 267–68; Ukrainian spelling of, xxxiv Berdichev District, xvi, 59; Jewish population of, 70; Yiddish-language schools in, 81, 84, 87–88 Berdyczewski, Mikhah Yosef, 19 Beregovsky, Moisei, xviii Bergelson, Dovid, 85 Bershad, town of, xvi, xix, 10, 14–15, 144; antireligious propaganda in, 112–13; cemetery of, 226, 253, 263, 286; electricity availability in, 44; famine in, 52; German capture of, 190–91; ghetto under Romanian rule, 195, 221, 263, 284–85; history of, 17–20; houses of, 15–16; Jewish population of, 68, 69, 69, 186; liberated by Red Army (1944), 169, 228, 338n51; map, 11; postwar rebuilding in, 248, 249; prisoners taken by Germans from, 223; refugees from Romanian territories in, 197; religious observance in, 151; songs from ghetto of, 197–205; synagogues in, 16–17, 79, 113, 120, 121, 126, 271; in Transnistria, 161, 168, 188; in Tulchyn District, 310n12; Yerusalimka district, 15, 16, 87; Yiddish-language schools in, 79–80, 84–85, 93, 99–100 Bershadskaia, Elizaveta, 70, 101, 136, 238, 242; biography of, 292; death of, 286; on food customs, 138, 143, 144; on liberation by Red Army (1944), 228, 243–44 besmedresh (house of study), xxix, 8, 78, 117, 118 Bessarabia, xix, 37, 116, 186; Jews expelled from, 187, 195, 196; Yiddish song from, 226 Bezhilianski, Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua (Alter of Teplyk), 21 Bible, Hebrew, 36, 57, 82, 96, 131–32 Bilohano, Ivan, 100 Bilokin, Serhiy, 288 black market, 60 Blavatnik Archive Foundation, 179, 237, 339n2 “Bloodlands,” xvi Bloody Monday massacre, 265 Boas, Franz, 58 Bogdanovka, town of, 161, 208 Bogoraz, Vladimir (V. G. Tan), 36, 72, 98–99, 319n7 Bolsheviks, 17, 20, 31, 34, 41 Bondar, David Chaimovich, 263–64 Bondar, Hershl, 50–51 borsht, 143–44 Bortnyky, village of, 217, 219 Borukh, Rebbe of Tulchyn, 24 Botvinik, Berl, 154 Braduchan, Nestervarka Afanasii, 33 Bratslav, town of, xvi, 11–14, 169, 219, 299; bypassed by railroads, 64; cemetery in, 8, 9; circumcision in, 123; evacuation of Jews in Second World War, 164; Hasidism in, xviii; Jewish  367 population of, 69; map, 11; return to, after the war, 241...