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glossary | 217 andartes (pl.) Greek equivalent of komitas or četniks. arnaut Alternative (now derogatory) term for Albanian, used in consular sources and by Macedonian speakers. bajraktar Literally, flag bearer. Designated the head of an Albanian clan, or a middle-rank leader in an mro četa. bey Ottoman era Turkish landholder. blagajnik In mro usage, treasurer or cashier. Could also designate the treasurer of a church. četa Armed band. četnik Member of a četa. During and after Second World War, the term also described noncommunist Serbian forces, whether resisting Axis occupation or fighting against Tito’s partisans. In Yugoslavia, the term had a derogatory force. Plural form četnici. čiftlik A large farm or estate, owned by a landlord. čirak Junior apprentice of a majstor. comitadji See Komitadži. desetar mro term for the leader of a local committee, cohort, or četa with ten (in Macedonian, deset) members. dragoman Translator, guide, or “fixer.” esnaf Trade guild. Exarchists Orthodox Christians who, in Ottoman period, pledged allegiance to the Exarchate, an alternative church organization created in 1870 and identified as Bulgarian. See Patriarchists. gurbet Labor migration. gemidžii(te) Literally, “boatmen.” In definite form, the name of a group of vmro activists who conducted dynamite attacks on glossary 218 | glossary a French steamship and public buildings in Thessaloniki during April 1903. Gheg Dialect of Albanian, spoken in Northern Albania, Kosovo, and most of the northwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia around Tetovo. See also Tosk. giaour Derogatory term for Christian, in colloquial Turkish. hajduk Brigand or rebel. han (Turkish) Inn or hotel. Huriet Young Turk Revolution to restore constitutional rule in Ottoman Empire, June–July 1908. The movement initially won support from Christian Ottoman subjects, including progressive elements in the mro. ilegalen (pl. ilegalni) Oathed member of the mro whose membership and activism are known to the authorities and who has taken refuge, most likely as member of a četa, and left behind his or her civilian life. jatak Literally “bed” (Turkish). Person who hides, houses, and materially assists brigands; in mro usage, a category of member with the task of providing logistical support for četas. kaimakam Local administrator in Ottoman period. kalfa Senior apprentice or journeyman of a majstor. kanun The traditional, oral honor code by which Albanian tribal life was governed. kiradžija Person engaged in carting, mule driving, or general transport trade. kleft Literally “thief” (Greek); bandit. kletva Oath or curse. kjumurdžija Person engaged in charcoal cutting, burning, and selling trade. kolji watchman (Turkish kolcu). komita Member of Revolutionary Organization, which was organized into local and regional committees. Often used to describe armed activists of the organization, and therefore overlapping in meaning with četnik. komitet Local or regional mro committee. Project MUSE (2024-04-24 16:18 GMT) glossary | 219 Konak Ottoman-era local government offices. kum Godfather or wedding sponsor. kumstvo The relationship between two individuals or families, where one is kum to the other. kurier In mro usage, courier, responsible for conveying messages , material, and četas. legalen (pl. legalni) Oathed member of mro whose activities remain undiscovered by Ottoman authorities and who maintain a parallel life in the civilian world. See ilegalen. majstor Master of a skilled trade, or zanaet, usually owning his or her own business. millet Religious community recognized by Ottoman administration. momok Contract laborer or domestic servant. narod Nation or people. Patriarchists Orthodox Christians in Ottoman period who maintained their allegiance to the Patriarchate, the long-established religious authority, identified as “Greek.” See Exarchist. pečalba Temporary labor migration, undertaken by pečalbari. poljak Field guard. rayah Peasantry in Ottoman Macedonia. rayon Region. Designates an intermediate level of authority, between village and central committee, by mro; designates a district of a vilayet by the Ottoman Empire. Rum Name of “Greek” Orthodox Christian millet in Ottoman Empire until 1870, when its unity was challenged by the creation of the Exarchate. terorist Self-designation used by vmro activists in 1903 period, who carried out executions of spies, traitors, or other enemies condemned to death. Tosk Albanian dialect of southern Albania and southwestern part of Republic of Macedonia, up to Bitola. See Gheg. vilayet Ottoman administrative province. vojvoda mro military leader. zanaet Skilled artisanal trade. zaptieh Ottoman policeman or gendarme. This page intentionally left blank ...

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