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Index
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aesthetic(s), 5, 74, 106, 123, 133; of accumulation , 199–200; beauty, 55; corporeal , 107; of creativity, 106; dress, 64; Hindi, 129; moral, 131; system, 194; as “weapon” of protest, 107 Algeria, 34, 38, 52 Al-Hussein, Lubna Ahmed, 205–207, 209–218, 211; arrest, 205, 209, 210, 212, 216; description of Lubna’s clothing, 205, 216; flogging sentence, 205; French support for, 212, 213; Lubna’s case and Sudan’s women’s movement revival, 212–213; strategy of veiling and unveiling, 206, 215, 216; trials, 205, 213, 215, 216, 217; view of Islam, 214–215 alms, 120, 198 Al-Qaeda, 16, 18 amulets, 40, 200–201 anonymity, 29, 117, 127, 197 Ansar-Ud-deen Society of Nigeria (Jamʽiyyat Ansar ad-din Naijiriya), 58–59, 67, 68, 73, 75, 76, 77n5 anti-veiling law (2004), France, 85, 86, 102; Scasi Commission report, 102 Arab, 19, 24, 41, 46, 47, 48; expatriates, 209; headgear, 152; influence, 91; scholar-traveler, 66; vendors, 191; way of hiding body, 151; world, 209, 213 Arabic, 61, 187; classes, 134; concept of ʽaura, 44; language, 106, 166, 172, 174, 194 aristocratic background, 45, 50, 52; Fulbe, 142; Omani, 20; Tuareg, 55 austerity, 9, 87 Awaliyya (a Sufi order), 120, 121, 133; Malam Awal, 120, 133, 134n5 backwardness, 111, 112, 138 beauty contests, 99; taghamanant (women ’s beauty contests in Tamajaq), 49. See also men black face-covering veil: dress and terrorism , 151; veil, 137, 149, 150, 151, 154, 156n10. See also niqāb Boko Haram (Ahlis Sunna Liddaʼawati wal-Jihad), 177 boundaries, 37, 52; behavior, 127; moral, 111; public/private, 214 Brazil, 66, 76, 132; Aguda returnees in Lagos, 66, 76 Cameroon, 8, 139, 142, 146, 156n6, 157n12; Mokolo, 143, 144, 145; North/ northern, 139, 140, 142, 143, 156n3. See also colonialism; gender(s); hajj; hijab, hijabi, hijabai (pl.); niqāb; slave(s); veiling; women Christianity, 8, 69, 76, 99, 139, 168; christian Association of nigeria (CAN), 69; churches, 68, 177; Pentecostal Christianity, 69; Southern Sudan, 208 civil society organizations (CSOs), 165, 170, 177 class, 15, 30, 215, 220n15; business, 145, 166, 209; in East African coastal societies, 18, 24; hierarchies, 218; leveling, 122, 125; lower-class, 171; political, 169; relations, 207; in Senegal, 90; in Tuareg society, 36, 45, 50; upper-class women, 209; working, 170, 209; in Zanzibar, 20, 15, 28, 29 colonialism, 87, 139; Belgian, 8; British colonial officials, 59, 75; in index Page number in italics refer to figures. Color plate numbers are indicated with the abbreviation Pl. 230 inDEx Cameroon, 139, 143, 156n2, 156n4; French, 36, 96; German, 139; in Nigeria, 72, 168, 172, 179; in Senegal, 36, 96; in Sudan, 212 color, 16, 23, 91, 113, 123, 133, 137, 142, 191, 200, 216 comfort, 106, 116 cosmopolitanism, 19, 24, 111, 130 courtship, 34, 35, 36–40, 41, 53, 55n5 coverings, meaning of, 1, 26, 54, 61, 76, 113, 114, 116, 125, 132, 137, 183n3 crisis of identity: among Oromo women, 202; among Tuareg, 55n2 danger: of evil eye, 49, 199, 201; of harmful spirits, 40, 45, 199; of strangers, 199, 201 decency, 34, 69; indecency, 3 democracy, 50, 96, 189, 206, 208, 209, 215 development, 36, 76, 87 diaspora, 6, 76; Oromo, 6, 186, 188, 198; Somali, 203n10 discourses, 138; activist, 207; of containment , 206, 208, 212; defining public space, 167, 174; of exclusionary citizenship rights, 206; feminist, 111; fundamentalist, 141; gendered, 206; human rights, 211, 214; moral (or moralizing), 125, 208, 212, 218; Muslim reformist, 111; of the Muslim veil, 138, 143; official, 217; of power, 169, 181; religious, 113, 181; transsovereign , 218; Western interventionist and protectionist, 217 disguise, 4, 29, 86, 100, 112, 126, 191, 196, 198, 199, 200, 202 distinction(s), 4, 6, 113, 142, 145, 153, 166, 199; ethnic, 70, 199; moral, 116; religious, 69; social, 117, 137 dress, 8, 17, 18, 111, 122, 165, 197, 215; austere, 91; changes in, 168, 181; code(s) or prescription(s) or norm(s), 6, 26, 49, 75, 110, 166, 169– 172, 182, 205, 208; as concealment, 203n11; control of, 169; dressing-up, 30, 125, 151; everyday, 68; as expression of commitment to Islam, 74; as expression of moral decency, 69; fashionable, 3, 198; forbidden forms, 21; immodest, 210; inadequate, 177; Islamic, 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 61, 66, 69, 70, 72, 75, 77n11, 118, 125, 128, 143, 154, 166, 201, 208, 214; link with sexual morality, 175; modest, 30, 35, 45, 60, 75, 77n7, 90, 126, 128, 209; national, 168, 188; new styles of, 154; physical...