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243 Notes Introduction 1. Despite convention, “east,” “central,” and “west” will not be capitalized when referring to regions of Africa. To do so alludes most readily to colonial designations, yet following such logic, the DRC is not part of Central Africa in English as defined according to British colonial policy. The French phrase l’Afrique centrale underscores how arbitrary such choices are. 2. Anon. 1883. 3. Stoler 2002, 14; Auden 2007. On Belgian “exclusionary populism,” see Ceupens 2006. 4. Houzé 1886; Denoël 1992, 380. 5. It should be noted that the museum will undergo renovation beginning in 2012 as this book is in press, so discussion here pertains to years just prior to that. 6. Stevens 1995, 215. 7. Jackson 2005, xi, xxv–xxvii; V. Turner 1964, 1980; Abu-Lughod 1991, 153–54. 8. Said 1994, 19, 32; cf. Mudimbe 1997, 176; Jeurissen 2006, 35; Lalu 2009, 265; Chakrabarty 2000. 9. Asad 1991, 322; Pratt 2008, 5; cf. Mudimbe 1986, 12; Roberts and Roberts 1996. 10. Mudimbe 1988, 19; Clifford 1986; Abu-Lughod 1991, 154, 142; L. White 2000, 50. 11. Comaroff 1997, 165; cf. Stoler 2002, 23, 163. 12. Palmié 2002, 23; Morris 1969, 1544; Bhabha 1997, 153; cf. Abu-Lughod 1991, 149. Crapanzano 2004 and Jackson 2005 are inspirational in these regards. 13. Rashomon, discussed here in Jackson 2005, 2, was produced in 1950 by the Daiei Motion Picture Company of Japan. Vansina 1996, 12; cf. V. Turner 1970a. Nora 1989; Roberts and Roberts 1996, 2007; A. Roberts 1985. 14. Jackson 2005, xii, xix, citing Fernandez 1982, 215; cf. Geschiere 2004. Van Acker 1907, 163; cf. Johnson 1988, 249. On bulozi as evil, see Kimpinde 1982, 174–82; on bulozi as positive, see A. Roberts 1986c. 15. Ballard 1983, 91. 16. Annaert-Bruder ca. 1965; Jewsiewicki 1987; cf. Vansina 2010, chap. 5; Storms ca. 1884; Colle 1913, 6; cf. Kaoze 1910–1911, 418. On river fishing at Lubanda, see A. Roberts 1984, 2009a; cf. Gordon 2006a. 17. Ethnicity in and around Lubanda is discussed in many of my writings, e.g., A. Roberts 1985, 1989, 1996a; cf. Petit 1996b. 18. T. Bennett 2005, 68. 19. On recent decades of violence in eastern DRC, see Muhindo 2003, Clark 2004, T. Turner 2007, Prunier 2008. Thanks to UCLA African Studies MA students Krista Barnes and Marisa Lloyd for taking time out from their research in Zambian refugee camps to visit Lubanda on my behalf in 2009. 1. Invitation to a Beheading The title of this chapter is borrowed from that of Nabokov’s novel of 1989. 1. On Congolese sobriquets for Europeans, see Biaya 1995, Likaka 2009. 2. Anon. 1885a. 3. Thomson 1968, 2: 51. 4. Sheriff 1987, 183–90; Meier 2009, 18; cf. Fair 1998. On Swahili and wangwana (also written waunguana), see Spear 2000. 5. Jacques and Storms 1886, 66; Ceyssens 1998, 116; Rockel 2009, 89. 6. A. Shorter 1972, 276; cf. Smith 1968, 280–81; Storms 1888–1889a, 14; Bradshaw and Ndzesop 2010. On possible etymology of rugaruga, see Johnson 1988, 402; Fabian 2000, 290. 7. Storms 1883a and 1888–1889a, 14, 15; Joubert 1889, 57; Anon. n.d.2. 8. Becker 1887, 1: 222. 9. Storms n.d.3, and n.d.6; Alpers 2003. On the east African ivory and slave trade, see Alpers 1975, Coupland 1967, Ross 1992, Sheriff 1987, and Wright 1993, among many others. 10. Thomson 1968, 2: 46. Smith 1968, 252, presents a map of period trade routes through the region. 11. R. Schmitz 1909; Cameron 1877, 1: 246, 299; cf. Vellut 1998, 322n23; Stanley 1879, 33, 97; Wissmann 1891, 226 and passim. 12. Thanks to Adrian Wisnicki for reviewing Livingstone’s diaries on my behalf to verify this assertion from Waller n.d., 286–87, 399–413. Newly restored versions of the diaries are available at http://livingstone.library.ucla.edu/livingstone_archive. 13. Ibid.; Stanley 1872; Thomson 1968, 2: 46. In his novel The Whales in Lake Tanganyika , Lennart Hagerfors (1985, 71) wonders if Ujiji residents may have considered Livingstone a bedraggled lunatic rather than the hero whom the world knew from afar. 14. Thomson 1968, 2: 46; cf. Wolf 1971, 147; A. Roberts 1984. 15. Thomson 1968, 1: v–vi, 2: 25–56; Anon. 1881. 16. Anon. 1881. 17. Fabian 2000, 12. 18. Rotberg 1971, 9–10, emphasis added; cf. Pratt 2008, 78, 82. Thomson suffered chronic illness late in life, and “discomfort clouded his mental horizons and transformed a cheerful, self-confident, energetic youth into an aging...

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