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Abbas, Mahmoud, 4 Abdella, Iman, 46 Abed-Kotob, Sana, 35 abortion, 68, 97, 99, 114, 145; Catholic Church opposition to, 108, 139; communal standards and, 118; Comunione e Liberazione (CL) opposition to, 88, 89, 90, 97; Italian laws on, 8, 88, 89; legislation against, 2, 15, 19; orthodox cosmology and, 12; Salvation Army stance against, 132; Shas opposition to, 68 Abrahamic faith traditions, 4, 13, 18, 26, 144; Enlightenment ideals within, 20; liabilities of movements from, 20; patriarchal societies as origin of, 153n10; sacred book tradition, 11 absolutism, moral, 20, 22, 82, 98; grassroots networks and, 146; of Muslim Brotherhood, 33; of Salvation Army, 120 Abul-Futouh, Abdel Moneim, 50, 55, 58 addiction dependency programs, 9, 28–29, 73, 89, 114 advertising, sexually suggestive, 68 agnostics, 11 Agudat yisrael (Israel Union), 65, 68 Ahrar Party (Egypt), 51 AIDS/hIV patients, 8, 9, 89, 114 Al Nour Party (Egypt), 58, 59 Al-Awadi, hesham, 44, 53 Al-Azhar University (Cairo), 5, 46, 47 Al-Banna, hasan, 6, 33–34, 35, 38, 42, 143; assassination of, 41, 109; Brotherhood as political party and, 42, 136; as candidate for parliament seat, 51; on “comprehensiveness of Islam,” 35, 59; founding of Muslim Brotherhood, 37; message taken to settings of everyday life, 111, 120; patient strategy of, 60; sacralization of public sphere and, 36–37; Secret Apparatus and, 40; tamkin (empowerment) policy, 49, 50–51. See also Muslim Brotherhood alcohol, opposition to: Muslim Brotherhood and, 51; Salvation Army and, 114, 115, 118, 124, 125, 138 Alexandria University (Egypt), 46 Algeria, 16, 53 Al-hudaybi, hasan Isma’il, 41, 42–43, 44 Al-I’tisam (Muslim Brotherhood journal ), 52 Allahyari, Rebecca Anne, 115, 116, 133, 135, 140 Allen, John, 108 Almond, Gabriel, 12 Al-Nuqrashi, Mahmud Fahmi, 41 Al-Qaeda, 53, 150 Al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 53 ‘Amal Party (Egypt), 51 American Federation of Labor, 84, 125 American Jewish Committee, 76 American War Cry (Salvation Army newspaper ), 122, 123, 129, 136, 142; on secularization of religion, 121; on sweatshop production, 138 Amin, Shahira, 46 Amsellem, Chaim, 84 Anderson, Leon, 134–135 Andreotti, Giulio, 99 index 204 index Appleby, R. Scott, 12 “Arab Jews,” 63 “Arab Spring,” 7 Arabic Advertising Company, The, 38 Arafat, yasser, 47 Arieli, Kobi, 84 Armstrong, Elizabeth, 22, 30, 138, 145–146 Ash, Roberta, 21 Ashkenazi Jews, 66, 69; haredi (ultraorthodox ), 65, 68, 86; justice system of Israel and, 79; political dominance in Israel, 63, 64 Ashour, omar, 59 atheists, 11 authoritarianism, cultural, 12, 18 Avneri, Uri, 82 Azione Cattolica, 92, 93, 96, 97, 108 Baker, Raymond, 45 banks, Islamic, 6, 48 Bar Shaom, Adina, 71–72 Barak, Ehud, 79 Bates, Vernon, 22, 23 Bayat, Asef, 47, 48 Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 56 Ben-Ami, Shlomo, 65 Benedict XVI, Pope, 108, 109 Ben-Gurion, David, 64–65 Benizri, Shlomo, 68 Ben-Moshe, yael, 75 Berman, Eli, 82 Berman, Sheri, 50 Bernareggi, Pigi, 93 Bernstein, Mary, 30, 138, 145–146 Bible, 66, 90, 115, 119, 131, 132 Bick, Etta, 76–77 Bignardi, Paola, 108 bin Laden, osama, 53 birth control (contraception), 15, 19 Black Panther Party (Israel), 64 Black Panther Party (United States), 64, 149 Bobbio, Norberto, 154n16 Booth, Ballington, 119, 123, 124, 128 Booth, Bramwell, 109 Booth, Evangeline, 113, 131 Booth, Maud, 119, 123, 124 Booth, Rev. William, 8, 109, 117, 128; anticapitalist stances of, 119; daughters/ daughters-in-law of, 119, 130, 131; death of, 97, 130; in East London, 111, 120, 125–126; evangelicalism of, 115–116, 119; founding of Salvation Army and, 120; on party politics, 136; postmillennialism of, 117–118; secession crisis in Salvation Army and, 122–124; utopian vision of, 42. See also Salvation Army USA Booth-Tucker, Frederick, 128, 130, 138 Bouazizi, Mohamed, 55–56 boycotts, 3, 27, 40 Brazil, 93, 103, 108 Bread for the World, 18 Britain, 43, 127, 129, 130, 136 Britt, David, 29, 137 Brockett, Charles, 28 Buddhism, 11 Bush, George W., 138, 139 businesses, 1, 10, 150; as alternative institutions , 24, 26, 144, 146; Comunione e Liberazione (CL) and, 8, 89, 91, 96, 98, 100, 102–106, 110, 129; Muslim Brotherhood and, 33, 38, 41, 48–49, 55, 129; Salvation Army and, 129– 130, 132; Shas and, 62 bypassing the state, 1, 3, 9, 24–25, 31, 144–147; capture of civil society and, 25–26, 143, 145, 146; Comunione e Liberazione (CL) and, 28, 136; grassroots networks and, 23; multipronged agendas and, 146; Muslim Brotherhood and, 28, 48, 49, 144; political opportunity structure and, 27–30; Salvation Army and, 28, 129...

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