Bukharan Jews and the Dynamics of Global Judaism

NOTES

Preface 1. There was also a large population of Ashkenazi Jews, most of whom had arrived during World War II. See Yaacov Ro’i, “The Religious Life of the Bukharan Jewish Community in Soviet Central Asia after World War II,” in Bukharan Jews in the 20th Century: History, Experience and Narration, ed. Ingeborg Baldauf, Moshe Gammer, and Thomas Loy (Wiesbaden: Reichert-Verlag, 2008), 57. See also Baruch Gur, Daf Matsav Mispar 4: Uzbekistan [Situation Paper Number 4: Uzbekistan] (Jerusalem : Jewish Agency for Israel, Unit for the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eastern Europe, 1993); and Situation Paper Number 6: The Jewish Population of the Former Soviet Union, An Empirical Analysis as of Mid-1993 (Jerusalem: Jewish Agency for Israel, Unit for the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eastern Europe, 1993). 2. Sergio DellaPergola, “World Jewish Population 2002,” in American Jewish Year Book 102 (New York, 2002). 3. In 1962, on the eve of the Algerian Revolution. Lloyd Cabot Briggs, No More For Ever (Cambridge, Mass.: The Peabody Museum, 1964). 4. Barbara Myerhoff, Number Our Days (New York: Dutton, 1978). 5. Irene Awret, Days of Honey: The Tunisian Boyhood of Rafael Uzan (New York: Schocken Books, 1984). 6. Jack Kugelmass and Jonathan Boyarin, trans. and eds., From a Ruined Garden : The Memory Books of Polish Jewry (New York: Schocken Books, 1983). 7. Joelle Bahloul, The Architecture of Memory: A Jewish-Muslim Household in Colonial Algeria (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996). 8. Used, for example, as the title of Part Two in David Biale, Cultures of the Jews: A New History (New York: Schocken Books, 2002). 9. See, for example, Murray Jay Rosman, How Jewish Is Jewish History? (Oxford: The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2007), and Michael Satlow, Creating Judaism : History, Tradition, Practice (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006). 10. Frank Korom, “Reconciling the Local and the Global: The Ritual of Shi’i Islam in Trinidad,” Journal of Ritual Studies 13, no. 1 (Summer 1999): 22. Notes 264 Notes to pages 5–19 1. First Encounter 1. Agudat Israel of America is a communal organization that represents most sectors of ultra-Orthodox Jews in the United States. 2. Susan Berfield, “Heritage 101: High School Eases Teens’ Culture Shock,” New York Newsday, Queens Sunday Section, January 3, 1985, 5. 3. In 1989 the population of Ashkenazi Jews in Uzbekistan was an estimated 60,000, with most of them concentrated in the republic’s capital city, Tashkent. Baruch Gur, “Daf Matsav Mispar 4: Uzbekistan” [Report Number 4: Uzbekistan] (Jerusalem : Jewish Agency for Israel, Unit for the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eastern Europe, August, 1993), 4. 4. Bronislaw Malinowski, The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia (New York: H. Liveright, 1929), 5. 2. Writing Bukharan Jewish History 1. Michael Zand, “Bukharan Jews,” in Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. III, ed. Ehsan Yar-Shater (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1990), 531. 2. Transoxiana was bound in the south by the Persian province of Khorasan and by the Amu Darya (in ancient times called the Oxus River) and in the north by the Syr Darya (in ancient times called the Jaxartes River). 3. Seymour Becker, Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865–1924 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968), 4–5. 4. At the end of the eighteenth century, Kokand was formed in the Fergana Valley region (having become independent of the Bukharan kingdom). 5. The city of Bukhara was the capital of the Bukharan kingdom. 6. Robert L. Canfield and School of American Research, eds., Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 12. 7. Becker, Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia, 4. 8. Becker, “National Consciousness and the Politics of the Bukhara People’s Conciliar Republic,” in The Nationality Question in Soviet Central Asia, ed. Edward Allworth (New York: Praeger, 1973), 159. 9. Eugene Schuyler, Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Kokand , Bukhara and Kuldja, ed. Geoffrey Wheeler (New York: F. A. Praeger, 1966), 53– 54. 10. Ibid. 11. Sergei Abashin, “The Transformation of Ethnic Identity in Central Asia: A Case Study of the Uzbeks and Tajiks,” Russian Regional Perspectives Journal 1, no. 2 (2003): accessed 2010, http://www.iiss.org/programmes/russia-and-eurasia/russianregional -perspectives-journal/rrp-volume-1-issue-2/the-transformation-of-ethnicidentity -in-central-asia/; Becker, “National Consciousness and Politics of the Bukhara People’s Conciliar Republic,” 160. 12. Schuyler, Turkistan. 13. Becker, “National Consciousness and the Politics of the Bukhara People’s Conciliar Republic,” 160. 14. Robert L. Canfield and School...