Almost Worthy: The Poor, Paupers, and the Science of Charity in America, 1877-1917

Index

Addams, Jane, 23, 27–28, 190; as president of NCCC, 129, 169–170; on Progressive Party convention, 177; and settlement house movement, 126, 128 African Americans: founding of own relief societies, 124–125; and Indianapolis COS, 123–124; Indianapolis COS and racial injustice as factor in poverty, 186; Indianapolis COS’s attitudes toward, 125, 233n52; McCulloch on, 237n33 Almy, Frederic, 129 American Breeders Association, 66 American Journal of Sociology, 102 American Prison Congress, 102 American Social Science Association (ASSA), 22, 24 American Sociological Association, 102 Andrew G., 98 Anna R., 84–86 Associated charities. See Charity organization societies “Associated Charities,” 18, 62; Devine on, 223n2 Association for Improving Conditions among the Poor, 20–21 Atlanta COS, 133 Baltimore COS, 99, 100 Bebarrel, T. G., 110 Beecher, Henry Ward, 41 Big Moll, 3–6, 207 259 Birtwell, Mary, 136 Blackman, William F., 101 Brace, Charles, 146 Bradley, E. A., 150 Brandt, Lilian, 173 Brockway, Zebulon, 24 Brooklyn COS, 98–99 Brooks, John G., 101 Buchtel, Henry A., 116–117 Buffalo COS, and “No Relief Given Here,” 108–109 Bull, W. L., 87, 88–90, 153 Butler, Amos, 155–157 Butler, John, 77 Butler College, 97 Byers, A. G., 155 Cadwalader, Charles E., 87 Chalmers, Thomas, 16 Charities, 20–21 Charities and the Commons, 29, 173 Charity application/evaluation forms, 76– 77, 78–79; and causes “indicating misconduct ,” 91–92; and causes “indicating misfortune,” 91, 92; liberalization of (1899), 136–141; NCCC standard form, 90–94; qualitative commentary in, 77– 81; revisions of, 86–87 Charity organization societies (COSs), 14–15; conflicts with other charities, 105–108, 109–114; as dedicated to withindex Note: italic page number indicates illustration; t. indicates table. 260 Index holding charity, 107; difficulties in analyzing data, 92–94; dissonant goals of, 17–18; and European models, 15–18; evolution of, 28–32, 222n73; faults of, 26– 28; list of causes of poverty, 92, 93; and NCCC, 25–26; objectives, 14; proliferation of, 18–20, 220n48; refusal of charity to paupers, 49–52; and research, 28–31; sharing of records, 14. See also Friendly visitors Child labor, 198–199; National Child Labor Committee, 20; National Child Labor Movement, 175 Child Welfare League of America, 171 “Cleveland Statement” and Platform, 176–177 Cold Spring Harbor Center for Experimental Evolution, 197 Columbia University: Graduate School of Social Work, 99–100, 101–102; New York School of Social Work, 189 Combe, George, 64 COSs. See Charity organization societies Culbertson, Dr., 2, 5–6 Davenport, Charles, 196–197 de Forest, Robert W., 145 Debs, Eugene, 177 Denver, Colorado, Division of Charity and Correction, 175–176 Depression of 1890s. See Panic of 1893 Devine, Edward T., 99, 117, 129, 137, 138; abandonment of worthy/unworthy dichotomy, 132–133, 201; advocacy of universal health insurance, 144; and “Cleveland Statement,” 176–177; on degeneration, 167–168; The Family and Social Work, 167; as general secretary of NYC COS, 132; and public health movement, 172–174; rejection of pauperism concept, 134–135, 201; on widows ’ pensions, 176 Du Bois, W. E. B., 27–28 Dugdale, Richard, 5–6, 48, 100; balance of heredity and environment, 59–60; on heredity, 63 Duncan, J. W., 113 Elberfeld, Prussia, and Elberfeld System, 15–16 Ellwood, Charles, 170–171 Elmore, Andrew, 23 Ely, Richard, 159 Eugenics, 30, 32–33, 36, 68–69, 160–163, 167–168; and J. S. Lowell, 61–62; and Jordan, 66; and McCulloch, 40, 48, 66, 160; reemergence in 20th century social work, 195–197 Fairbanks, Arthur, 101 Family and Social Work, The, 167 FamilyWelfareAssociationofAmerica,171 Faulkner, Charles, 164 Fields, Mrs. James, 73 Fiske, John, 42 Flanner House, 124–125 Flexner, Abraham, 189, 192 Folks, Homer, 106 Frankel, Lee, 134; and “Cleveland Statement ,” 176–177 Friendly Visiting amongst the Poor, 190–192 Friendly visitors, 14–15, 30–31, 207–208; and charity application/evaluation forms, 76–77; as key component of scientific charity, 70–71; lagging on social justice, 179–180, 187–188; and medical metaphor, 72–73; poor people’s resentment of, 119–120; replacement by social workers, 180; roles of, 71–76; subjectivity in assessing cases, 85–87; Tenney’s course syllabus, 215; training and education programs, 95–100; unscientific reports of, 88–89, 103; women as, 73–74 Fulcomer, Daniel, 100, 101, 127 Galton, Francis, 48, 201 Gavisk, Francis, 198 George, Henry, 148 German relief societies, 124 Giddings, Franklin, 101, 138–139 Gilman, Daniel Coit, 100 Gladden, Washington, 41 Glenn, John M., 145 Gurteen, Stephen Humphreys, 16, 18, 53; biographical sketch, 53–54...