Memorials and Martyrs in Modern Lebanon

Note on Transliteration of Arabic

recto runningfoot xv Throughout the book I use a simplified version of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES) transliteration guidelines. I use the diacritic ’ for the glottal stop hamza and ‘ for the consonant ayn. Following the example of Lara Deeb (2006), I preserve phonemic differences between Modern Standard Arabic in written sources and the Lebanese dialect used in conversations. Therefore I drop diacritics for Lebanese dialect transcriptions , as well as the letter qaf; moreover, I use -iye rather than -iyya (i.e., ahwe instead of qahwa for “coffee”; Nabatiye instead of al-Nabatiyya). I indicate long vowels by adding a line above the letter (i.e., ā pronounced as in the English word far; ī as in see; and ū as in shoe). To enhance readability , I use the most common English spelling for all political groups, personal or place names (i.e., Shiites, Musa Sadr, Tyre, Sidon). If several English spellings are common, I chose the one that stays closest to the IJMES guidelines. For instance, I transliterate the Arabic letter qaf consistently with q, rather than k or c (i.e., Qana, Quran, Rafiq) and use Hizballah rather than Hezbollah. When citing book titles and using direct quotes, I preserve the transliteration used in the original text (i.e., El Bourj, The Shi‘is of Jabal ‘Amil, Shi‘ite Lebanon). note on transliteration of arabic xv b xvi memorials and martyrs in modern lebanon recto runningfoot xvii memorials and martyrs in modern lebanon b xviii memorials and martyrs in modern lebanon ...