Anti-Jewish Violence: Rethinking the Pogrom in East European History

Index

INDEX Acculturation, Jewish, 186 Administrative measures, 56, 119, 182, 190 Affirmative action, 189, 191 Agitation: anti-Jewish, 74–77, 79, 82, 87, 134, 160; Bolshevik, 75 Agriculture, 153, 166, 176–177, 178; aid for, 192, 193, 201n34; modernization of, 161 Agro-Joint, 187–189, 191–194, 195, 197 Agronomists, 16, 191, 194, 195 Aleksandrovskoe Military School, 75 Alekseev, Mikhail, 44 Alexander I, 165 Alexander II, 28, 113, 124, 131, 163; assassination of, 4, 6, 10, 32, 115, 154, 156 Alexander III, 32 Alienation, 162, 163, 182 Aliens, 80, 82, 148, 177. See also Enemy aliens Alliance Israélite Universelle, 166 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), 187, 189, 192–193. See also Agro-Joint American Relief Administration (ARA), 192, 193 Anarchists, 10 Anglo-Russian Agreement, 12 Anti-defamation, 12–13 Anti-Jewish accusations, 113–114 Anti-Jewish action, 117–118, 137, 152, 155, 182 Anti-Jewish sentiment, 48, 76, 113–114, 117, 124, 125, 152, 155 Anti-Jewish violence, 19, 82, 122, 186, 197; causes of, 7, 14, 55, 58, 68, 138, 148, 154, 156; characteristics of, 3, 5–6, 16, 26, 29–30, 31, 35, 46, 133–134, 194; comparisons of, 41; context for, 8, 74, 111, 125; extent of, 8–9, 16, 22, 145–147; external factors in, 147, 148, 155; legitimization of, 11; periodization of, 26; prevention of, 34, 96, 103, 106. See also Pogroms Anti-Judaism, 3, 141, 149 Antisemitism, 81, 111, 147, 148, 164, 187, 194–195; agrarian, 80; appeals regarding , 152, 153, 157n30; and attitudes, 9, 14, 74, 133, 141; efforts to counter, 11, 12–13, 96, 103–104, 105, 106; extent of, 149, 200n22; growth of, 74, 147–148, 156, 180, 181, 183; latent, 155; official, 4, 10, 181; organization of, 105, 150; popular, 181, 189; program of, 9, 52–54, 58, 61, 64; revolutionary, 74, 77, 79; urban, 76, 80, 81–82; wartime, 141 Antonescu, Ion, 34 Armenians, 59 Army command, Russian, 42–43, 67, 79 Aronson, I. Michael, 161, 162, 167 Artels, 178 Assimilation, Jewish, 3, 5, 10, 104–105, 136, 165, 186; government policies for, 166–167; narratives of, 131 Atrocities: purported Austrian, 53, 63, 64, 65, 72n53; Ukrainian, 84 Austria, 22–23, 63, 64, 65, 112 Authority, 32, 35, 154, 155, 156; moral, 140, 151 Autonomy: of non-Jewish Crimean population, 189; within Soviet republics, 200n25 Backwardness, 116, 152, 164, 167, 171, 175 Balkan Wars, 62 Balta, 22, 159 Baltics, 44, 48 Barguzin, 137 Bark, Petr L’vovich, 44 Barnaul, 133 Barsheŭski, Ian, 168 Bašinska, Gediminas, 155 Bavaria, 31 Bazili, Nikolai, 58 Behavior: antisemitic, 80, 186; deviant, 180, 184n23; genocidal, 4; Jewish, 33, 106; nationalist, 182; threatening, 8; of victims, 24; violent, 21, 30, 145, 195; wartime, 197 210 INDEX Beilis Affair, 3, 13, 68, 97, 98, 103, 122–123 Belaia Tserkov’, 86 Belarus. See Belorussia Belorussia, 16, 44, 144, 149, 160, 174, 176, 181–183; and anti-Jewish violence, 14–15, 167–168, 171; cultural identity of, 178, 179; economic development of, 159, 161–162, 163–164; nationalist movement in, 169–170 Belorussian literature, 168–169, 170 Belorussian-Jewish relations, 162, 164, 167, 169–171, 175–181 Bessarabia province, 79 Białystok, 95, 96, 99, 101, 106 Bigots, 74 Biysk, 133 Black Guards, 85 Black Hundreds, 74, 98, 105, 134–135, 140 Black marketeers, 138 Black Sea, 187, 189 Blonye, 56 Blood libel, 3, 23, 98, 105, 149–150. See also Beilis Affair; Ritual murder Bobrinskii, Count Georgii, 52, 56, 58, 62, 66, 67 Bogotol, 133 Bograd, 83 Bogrov, Dmitrii, 122 Bolshevik Party, 61, 190; and anti-Jewish violence, 82, 83, 84, 85; antireligious policies of, 82; antisemitism within, 76, 77; coup by, 83; opposition to, 77, 84, 85 Borderlands, 14, 19, 131, 133 Bourgeoisie, 75, 76, 78, 82, 84, 100, 199n9; urban, 181. See also Class, middle Boycotts, 48, 137–138, 153 Brafman, Iakov, 166, 167 Bratslav, 83 Brest-Litovsk peace treaty, 85 Bribery, 96 Brodsky, Lazar’, 123, 164 Brody, 55 Brubaker, Rogers, 151 Budapest, 23 Budnitskii, Oleg, 9 Buivydiškes, 146 Bujak, Franciszek, 20 Bukovina, 9, 52, 54, 56, 58, 61–67 Bund (General Jewish Workers Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia), 11, 98–103, 108n27, 119–120, 122, 138; Central Committee of, 101 Bureaucracy, 96, 166, 167, 170, 174, 183 Businessmen, Jewish, 163, 177 Cantonists, 132 Capitalism, 161 Caricatures, 168, 169. See also Stereotypes Catholicism, 150 Caucasus, 44 Cemetery, 84; Jewish, 123 Census, All-Russian, 150 Central Asia, 44 Central Russian Patriotic Committee, 122 Charity. See Philanthropy Cherepovets, 77 Chernigov, 81, 160 Chikhachev...