Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy

Contents

CONTENTS I. The Text of the Lecture on the Basis of Student Writings INTRODUCTION The Philological Purpose of the Lecture and Its Presuppositions§1. The Philological Purpose of the Lecture: Consideration of Some Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy in Their Conceptuality§2. The Presuppositions of the Philological Purpose: Demarcation of the Manner in Which Philosophy Is Treated FIRST PART Preliminary Understanding as to the Indigenous Character of Conceptuality by Way of an Explication of Being-There as Being-in-the-World: An Orientation toward Aristotelian Basic Concepts CHAPTER 1 Consideration of Definition as the Place of the Explicability of the Concept and the Return to the Ground of Definition§3. The Determination of the Concept through the Doctrine of Definition in Kant’s Logic§4. The Aspects of the Conceptuality of Aristotle’s Basic Concepts and the Question Concerning Their Indigenous Character§5. Return to the Ground of Definition a) The Predicables b) The Aristotelian Determination of ὁρισμός as λόγος ουσίας§6. Preliminary Clarification of λόγος§7. Οὐσία as the Basic Concept of Aristotelian Philosophy a) The Various Types of Conceptual Ambiguity and the Coming to Be of Terms b) The Customary Meaning of Οὐσία c) The Terminological Meaning of Οὐσία α. Οὐσία as Beings β. Οὐσία as Being: Being-Characters (Metaphysics, Δ8). 3 4 9 11 13 15 17 vi Contents γ. Οὐσία as Being-There: Being-Characters as Characters of the There§8. Ὁρισμός as Determinate Mode of Being-in-the-World: The Task of Fully Understanding the Basic Concepts in Their Conceptuality in Being-There as Being-in-the-World CHAPTER 2 The Aristotelian Definition of the Being-There of the Human Being as ζωή πρακτική in the Sense of a ψυχῆς ἐνέργεια§9. The Being-There of Human Beings as ψυχή: Speaking-Being (λόγον ἔχειν) and Being-with-One-Another (κοινωνία) (Politics A 2, Rhetoric A 6 and 11). a) The Determination of Human Beings as ζῷον λόγον ἔχον: The Task of Setting λόγος Apart from φωνή b) The λόγος of Human Beings and the φωνή ofAnimals as Peculiar Modes of Being-in-the-World and of Being-with-One-Another α. Orientation toward Phenomena That Lie at the Basis of the Separating of λόγος from φωνή β. The Encounter-Characters of the World of Animals: ἡδύ and λυπηρόν: Φωνή as Indicating, Enticing, Warning γ. The Encounter-Characters of the World of Humans Beings: συμφέρον, βλαβερὸν, and ἀγαθόν. Λόγος as Self-Expression with Others about What Is Conducive to the End of Concern c) The One (Das Man) as the How of the Everydayness of Beingwith -One-Another: The Equiprimordiality of Being-with-OneAnother and Speaking-Being§10. The Being-There of Human Beings as ἐνέργεια: The ἀγαθόν (Nicomachean Ethics A 1–4). a) The Explicitness of the ἀγαθόν α. The Explicitness of the ἀγαθόν as Such in τέχνη β. The Explicitness of the ἀνθρώπινον ἀγαθόν in the πολιτική b) The Basic Determinations of the ἀγαθόν α. Manifoldness and Guiding Connectedness of the τέλη and Necessity of a τέλος δι᾽ αὑτό β. The βίοι as τέλη δι᾽ αὑτά: The Criteria for the τέλος δι᾽ αὑτό: οἰκεῖον, δυσαφαίρετον, τέλειον, and αὔταρκεςν§11. The τέλειον (Metaphysics Δ16) a) Translation of the Chapter b) Arrangement of the Chapter α. The First Two Points of Arrangement. The Method of Carrying-Over β. Presentation of the Context of the Treatment of τέλειον γ. Revised Arrangement of the Chapter c) The τέλειον as Limit in the Sense of the Genuine There of a Being 26 32 46 55 vii Contents§12. Continuing the Consideration of the ἀγαθόν (Nicomachean Ethics, A 5–6) a) Continuing the Discussion of Basic Determinations of the ἀγαθόν: The ἀνθρώπινον ἀγαθόν as the ἁπλῶς τέλειον b) The ψυχῆς ἐνέργειαι κατ’ ἀρετήν as the Being-Possibility of Human Beings Which Is Sufficient for the Sense of ἀνθρώπινον ἀγαθόν CHAPTER 3 The Interpretation of the Being-There of Human Beings with regard to the Basic Possibility of Speaking-with-One-Another Guided by Rhetoric§13. Speaking-Being as Ability-to-Hear and as Possibility of Falling: The Double-Sense of Ἄλογον (Nicomachean Ethics A13; De Anima B4).§14. The Basic Determination of Rhetoric and λόγος Itself as πίστις (Rhetoric Α1–3) a) The Basic Definition of Rhetoric as the Possibility of Seeing What at Each Moment Speaks for a Matter b) The Three πίστεις ἔντεχνοι: ἦθος, πάθος, and λόγος Itself c) Λόγος Itself as πίστις α. The Three Forms of Hearer and the Three Types of λόγος to Be Determined from Them: Deliberative Discourse (συμβουλευτικός), Judicial Discourse (δικανικός), and Eulogy (ἐπιδεικτικός) β. Rhetorical Speaking with παράδειγμα and ἐνθύμημα as Paralleling Dialectical Speaking with ἐπαγωγή and συλλογισμός§15. Δόξα (Nicomachean Ethics, Ζ10 and Γ4) a) Demarcation of δόξα in Contrast with Seeking (ζήτησις), Knowing (ἐπιστήμη), and Presenting-Itself (φαντασία) b) Making-Present of the Context for the Treatment of δόξα c) Repetition and Continuation of the Demarcation of δόξα: δόξα and Being-Resolved (προαίρεσις) d) The Character of δόξα as the Orientedness of Average Beingwith -One-Another-in-the-World e) Δόξα as the Basis of Theoretical Negotiating α. Pre-given (πρότασις) and Project (πρόβλημα) as FromWhich and About-Which...