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Acknowledgments During the researching and writing of this book, which has been ten years in the making, I lived on three different continents, so I have the pleasure of thanking a great many people who assisted me in one way or another (and sometimes in many ways). First I would like to thank Michael Stanis­ lawski, who guided this project and gave me the support and encouragement that were so crucial in my formative years. Among many other things, I have learned from him the value of committed skepticism and scholarly detachment combined with a deep love for Jewish history. It is also a delight to thank others who guided my training in Jewish history and Russian history: Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi, Mark von Hagen, Richard Wortman, and Aryeh Goren. Jane Burbank and Benjamin Nathans gave me invaluable feedback, which helped me shape the development of the book. I have had the good fortune to work with a number of senior colleagues who have encouraged my scholarly work, supported my research, and served as true role models for what an academician should be. Among these are Marsha Rozenblit at the University of Maryland; Shulamit Magnus at Oberlin College; Tony Kushner, Anne Curry, and Mark Cornwall at the University of Southampton; and Michael Weingrad here at my new home of Portland State University. At Southampton, I enjoyed the support and advice of many colleagues, including Nils Roemer, Dan Levine, George Bernard, Jane ­ McDermid, Julie Gammon, and Joan Tumblety. Special thanks to Lorna Young, Frances Clarke, and Marie-­ Pierre Gibert for their loving assistance at many junctures along the way. The late John Klier supported this project at every step, and I am deeply saddened that I will not be able to show him the final results. I spent several years of research for this book in Washington, D.C., where Tom Pitt and Steve Rodes were always ready with a warm meal, a cold drink, and a loving cat. The support I received from Edna Friedberg and Stig Trommer was truly invaluable. Nancy Roth and Richard, Jacob, and Miriam Mazer became true friends who never fail to take a genuine interest in the results of my research. Others whose support made all the difference are Jordan Potash, Adam Tenner, Jeremy Rosenblatt, Dan Furmansky, and Alex Goldberg . Joel Alter’s moral, spiritual, and material support sustained me for many years, and for this I am truly grateful. x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I was lucky to have had assistance in my research from many individuals and institutions. In this country, I am indebted to Edward Kasinec, formerly chief librarian of the New York Public Library’s Slavic and Baltic Division (now Curator Emeritus, NYPL Slavic and East European Collections) and the staffs of the library of the Jewish Theological Seminary, the libraries of Columbia University, and several departments at the Library of Congress, including the African and Middle Eastern Reading Room (with special thanks to Peggy Perlstein) and the European Reading Room. In Ukraine, I was assisted by the staffs of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Kyïv; the Scientific Research Library of the Central State Archives of Ukraine; the State Archive of Kyïv Oblast; and the State Archive of the City of Kyïv. The superb archivists and librarians at these institutions went out of their way to make sure I had access to the documents I needed. I am especially grateful for the support provided by Irina Sergeeva, director of the Judaica Division of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, and her able staff. I also thank the staffs of the library’s Newspaper and Dissertation reading rooms and especially Viktoriia Matusevich. The staff of the Institute of Judaica in Kiev, and especially its director,­ Leonid Finberg, provided me with an academic home during my stay in their city. Their support and assistance were incalculable. Special thanks to Misha Kal’nitskii for sharing his encyclopedic knowledge of Kiev’s history and to Arsenii Finberg for his computer assistance. I am also appreciative of the sponsorship of the Jewish University of St. Petersburg and its rector, Dmitrii Elyashevich, and of the European University in St. Petersburg and its Center for Archival Training. Victor Kelner of the Russian National Library helped to unlock some of the treasures of that institution’s Judaica holdings. My research at the Russian State Library’s Newspaper Division and the State Public Historical Library in Moscow was greatly facilitated by the helpful librarians at those institutions. In Israel...

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